鄂东北山区生物资源及其综合开发利用

对鄂东北山区生物资源进行了系统研究，并结合市场、自身现状、农村产业结构调整和增加农民收入等方面进行了重点分析，强调生物资源的开发和可持续利用相结合，提出了生物资源合理开发与保护的一些措施。     

贵州六种野生观赏蕨的组织培养初报

对六种野生观赏蕨的孢子或茎尖或幼叶，通过芽诱导或GGB途径培养出完整植株，筛选出每种蕨的芽诱导或GGB诱导、增殖、生根的最佳培养基配方。     

水分胁迫抑制水稻光合作用的机理

水分胁迫降低了水稻的光合速率。轻度水分胁迫下，气孔的限制是光合速率下降的主要原因；而严重水分胁迫下，叶肉细胞光合能力的降低是光合速率下降的主要原因。顺肉细胞光合能力的降低可能是由于光合量子效率、羟化效率、光合电子传递速率及光合磷酸化活力的下降所致。     

ON ECOLOGICAL PRONCIPIES OF URBAN LANDSCAPE DESIGN

The urbanizing environmental diruption seriously results from ignoring ecological factors by planners and designers. This paper discusses the important functions of ecological factors for improving the urban environment through ecological landscape design,and prensents the basic ecdogical principle of urban landscape design for the urban environment.     

黔灵山公园野放猕猴伤人事件分析

贵阳市黔灵山公园有野放猕猴420余只,游客给猕猴投食或猕猴向游客索要食物常造成人猴j中突.笔者对2009年黔灵山公园全年猕猴伤人事件进行了观察,记录伤者年龄、性别、受伤时间和部位.用事件取样法对游客投食给猕猴的左右侧偏向性进行了观察.研究结果表明猕猴伤人数量与游客量不存在相关性,但与月平均温度存在显著性相关.受伤部位左右侧偏向性,腿部没有显著性差异,手部则具极显著性差异.伤者性别差异显著.不同年龄人群受伤差异显著,以1 ～30岁年龄组差异最为显著.退休人群与非退休人群受到攻击的次数有极其显著性差异.     

虎杖渣粉在山地鸡饲料上的应用研究

选择体型、体重相近的6周龄的240只山地鸡,随机分成4组,其中空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,另外3组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加3%、6%和9%的虎杖渣粉,经过3周试验,考察虎杖渣粉对山地鸡生长性能、免疫器官和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,饲喂虎杖渣粉的山地鸡日增重出现一定程度的下降,但差异不显著。处理组中胸腺指数最高增加了17.4%,脾脏指数最高增加了28.1%,法氏囊指数最高增加了31.7%。各处理组血液生化指标的变化均不显著,表明虎杖渣粉作为饲料添加剂使用时不会对山地鸡产生不利的影响,虽然饲喂过量虎杖渣粉不会提高山地鸡的生长性能,但可以提高山地鸡的免疫力,降低发病率,因此适合山区、林地等山地鸡的养殖。     

饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。     

Aging promotes todorokite formation from layered manganese oxide at near-surface conditions

Purpose

Todorokite is one common manganese oxide in soils and sediments and is commonly formed from layered Na-buserite. Aging processes can alter the physicochemical properties of freshly formed Na-buserite in natural environments. However, it is not clear whether and how aging affects the formation of todorokites. In the present paper, Na-buserite with aging treatment was employed to prepare todorokite at atmospheric pressure to investigate the effects of aging treatment of Na-buserite on the formation of todorokite.

Materials and methods

Four aged Na-buserite samples, which are produced through oxidation of Mn²⁺ in concentrated NaOH medium by O₂ with aging for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, were employed to investigate the effects of aging processes on the transformation from Na-buserite to todorokite by Mg²⁺-templating reaction at atmospheric pressure. The manganese oxides were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, determinations of the average manganese oxidation number, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results and discussion

The XRD, IR, and elemental analyses indicate that aging treatment can alter the substructure of the freshly synthesized Na-buserite. During the aging process, some of the Mn(III) may migrate into the interlayer region or disproportionate to form Mn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ from the layer of Na-buserite and the concomitant formation of layer vacancies. The interlayer Mn³⁺ or Mn²⁺ occupied above or below the layer vacancy sites and become corner-sharing octahedral. XRD analyses and TEM clearly show that the transformation from Na-buserite to todorokite was promoted by aging treatments. The alterations of substructure of aged Na-buserites can promote the rearrangement of manganese to construct a tunnel structure during the transformation from layered manganese oxides to tunnel-structure todorokite at atmospheric pressure.

Conclusions

The transformation from Na-buserite to todorokite was promoted by aging treatments at atmospheric pressure, and it is more suitable to explore the origination of natural todorokite in Earth surface environments using aged layered manganese oxides.     

Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium: stem cell niche and postnatal muscle growth

Stem cell niche plays a critical role in regulating the behavior and function of adult stem cells that underlie tissue growth, maintenance, and regeneration. In the skeletal muscle, stem cells, called satellite cells, contribute to postnatal muscle growth and hypertrophy, and thus, meat production in agricultural animals. Satellite cells are located adjacent to mature muscle fibers underneath a sheath of basal lamina. Microenvironmental signals from extracellular matrix mediated by the basal lamina and from the host myofiber both impinge on satellite cells to regulate their activity. Furthermore, several types of muscle interstitial cells, including intramuscular preadipocytes and connective tissue fibroblasts, have recently been shown to interact with satellite cells and actively regulate the growth and regeneration of postnatal skeletal muscles. From this regard, interstitial adipogenic cells are not only important for marbling and meat quality, but also represent an additional cellular component of the satellite cell niche. At the molecular level, these interstitial cells may interact with satellite cells through cell surface ligands, such as delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) protein whose overexpression is thought to be responsible for muscle hypertrophy in callipyge sheep. In fact, extracellular Dlk1 protein has been shown to promote the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the stem cell niche that regulate satellite cell differentiation and maintain muscle homeostasis may lead to promising approaches to optimizing muscle growth and composition, thus improving meat production and quality.