Distribution and function of allantoin (5-ureidohydantoin) in rice grains

Despite increasing knowledge of allantoin as a phytochemical involved in rice, relatively little is known about its distribution and function in rice grains. In this study, allantoin was quantified in 15 Chinese rice grains, and its contents varied with grain fraction, cultivar, and genotype. Bran always had the highest allantoin level, followed by brown rice and milled rice. Hull contained the lowest allantoin content. Allantoin in japonica bran ranged from 70 to 171 μg/g but rarely exceeded 100 μg/g in indica bran. There was a positive relationship between allantoin level in grains and seedling survival in seedbeds under low temperature or water deficit. Exogenous allantoin stimulated plant growth, increased soluble sugar and free proline contents, and decreased malondialdehyde content in rice seedlings. However, allantoin did not show any antioxidant activity through free radical-scavenging capacity, reducing power, linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition, and chelating activity. The results suggest that allantoin in rice grains may play some roles in providing plant stress protection but not serving as a beneficial health antioxidant.     

规模化养殖场畜禽粪中磷的化学形态与稳定化

为了解规模化养殖场畜禽粪便中磷的化学形态,寻求畜禽粪便中磷的稳定化途径,采集浙江省代表性规模化养殖场畜禽粪便样92个,采用改进的Hedley磷分级方法鉴定磷的化学形态;通过添加明矾、碳酸钙、石膏、粉煤灰及土壤物质,研究不同添加物对畜禽粪便中磷的稳定效果.结果表明:规模化养殖场畜禽粪便样品具有高磷、高无机磷比例及高生物有效性的特点,全磷质量分数在18.70~54.30 g/kg之间,平均为30.50 g/kg;可提取态无机磷占全磷的比例平均达70.08%;水溶性磷、Na HCO3-P和HCl-P占全磷的比例平均分别达20.03%、29.59%和22.93%,而Na OH-P和残余态磷占全磷的比例分别只有14.64%和12.81%.培养试验表明:各类稳定剂均对畜禽粪便中的磷有稳定效果,并随添加物用量的增加而增加;稳定效果为明矾粉煤灰碳酸钙土壤物质石膏.建议畜禽粪的施用量应基于其磷素水平确定,并适当添加稳定剂增加磷的稳定性.     

基于单片机的林蛙养殖大棚用离子水喷雾消毒杀菌装置的设计与实现

基于强酸性离子水的灭菌特性,结合单片机技术、现代膜技术和传感器技术,研究设计了一种新型专用于现代林蛙养殖大棚的采用强酸性离子水喷雾消毒的装置。本装置控制系统以单片机为核心,配以电解控制电路、信号采集电路、驱动控制电路、声光报警电路,以实现整个消毒灭菌过程的智能化和自动化。实际应用表明,在中国林蛙温室养殖过程中,该装置确实能有效杀灭病原体,预防疾病,同时对林蛙生长无影响且不污染环境。     

柞木单板高频真空干燥工艺

以5 mm柞木单板为研究对象,对其实施不同干燥工艺(高频发振与停歇时间,木材控制温度(Tc)、环境压力(Pa))的高频真空干燥,测算其温度分布、干燥速度、干燥周期、终含水率及其标准偏差、脱水比、开裂和翘曲度等参数。通过对这些参数的对比分析,确定了其较适宜的高频真空干燥工艺。结果表明:干燥过程中单板材堆的温度分布变化,长度方向近端部略高,其它部位相近;宽度方向,呈现内部高侧边低的分布趋势;高度方向,呈现中心层高、近接地极板层低的分布趋势。底层与接地极板间设置已干单板后虽能减小温度梯度,但不能使其消除。单板干燥速度取决于温度(T)、Pa、水分渗透性、扩散系数、迁移距离(L),Pa降低,T升高,水分迁移驱动力(ΔP/L)增大,干燥速度加快;T升高还能使渗透性和扩散系数增大,因而对干燥速度影响显著,但单板易开裂;单板终含水率分布均匀性主要由材堆中温度分布均匀性、干燥工艺条件等决定。在材堆与电极板间设置隔热材料,能使材堆高度方向温度分布均匀性提高,含水率差异减小。5 mm柞木单板较适宜的高频真空干燥工艺确定为,高频发振7 min/停歇1 min、Tc为54.5℃、Pa为6.5 k Pa、ΔP为8.5 k Pa。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒RT-PCR检测方法建立与初步应用

为建立一种能够快速检测新型鸭呼肠孤病毒（NDRV）的方法,本研究参考GenBank上登录的NDRV S3基因保守序列设计特异性引物.经条件优化后,建立了检测NDRV的RT-PCR方法.对其特异性、敏感性和重复性进行检验.结果显示：该方法仅能从NDRV分离毒中扩增到与预期大小相符,长度为298 bp的特异性目的片段,检测灵敏度达到83.4 pg病毒RNA;而其它病毒：番鸭呼肠孤病毒、禽呼肠孤病毒、鸭病毒性肝炎病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鸭新城疫病毒和禽流感病毒等样品的扩增结果均为阴性.采用该方法对在广东不同地区采集的15份鸭病料样品进行检测,NDRV阳性率为53.33％.表明建立的RT-PCR方法特异性强、敏感度高,可用于NDRV的临床诊断和流行病学调查.     

猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸法

应用免疫学原理与胶体金层析技术相结合，采用双抗原夹心法建立了检测猪伪狂犬病抗体水平的“猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫胶体金快速检测试纸法”，用该法与美国Idexx公司的猪伪狂犬病ELISA试剂盒，同时对16纷猪血液或血清进行抗体水平检测，符合率达100％。同时使用金标法对100份猪血液和对应血清进行检测，结果也相同。试验结果显示．金标法与ELISA一样，具有微量、特异、准确等优点，且操作简易，而金标法不需要任何仪器，检测时间短．结果直观，容易判定，适用于基层兽医站、养猪场使用和大面积猪伪狂犬病抗体普查。     

不同供钙方式对海兰蛋鸡生产性能的影响

576只190日龄蛋用父母代海兰种鸡随机分为3组,分别在常规料供钙、傍晚额外加喂供钙和早晨及下午各供钙一次的三种方式下饲养8周。结果表明:早晨和下午各一次的供钙方式提高了蛋鸡的生产性能,较常规料供钙方式和傍晚额外加喂钙方式蛋重分别提高3.503％(P<0.01)和3.658％(P<0.01),产蛋量提高3.185％(P<0.01)和3.992％(P<0.01),饲料报酬提高4.485％(P<0.01)和5.298％(P<0.01)。大幅度降低了不合格蛋比例,和常规料供钙方式差异显著(P<0.05),额外加喂供钙方式使鸡产沙壳蛋的比例上升,早晨和下午供钙方式显著改善了鸡蛋的蛋壳品质。     

一例鸭鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及抗原性分析

对出现精神沉郁、食欲减退、拉稀、脚软和共济失调症状,其后死亡,的鸭病例,进行常规诊断、动物试验,结果分离到一株细菌,命名为GDYJS-1.分离株通过生长特性、凝集试验、染色特性及VITEK-32微生物鉴定系统生化试验鉴定为沙门氏菌;16S rRNA基因序列的测定与分析,鉴定为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌.     

Nutrient cycling and biomass flows in a low-quality forest stand improvement system in the Lesser Khingan Range of China

The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site.     

基于BTO多目标遗传算法的播种机性能优化设计

受播种地形和地域的影响,大部分播种机的播种质量、播种效率和能耗不能发挥到最佳状态,为了提高播种机的作业性能,深入挖掘了按顾客订单生产(Build-to-Order,BTO)模式的一般性意义,并将该模式引入到了播种机的优化设计中,提出了一种基于BTO模式的多目标速度控制遗传算法优化模型。根据播种质量、效率和能耗的要求,首先确定了BTO模式下播种机性能优化的初始参数,利用多目标函数确定了播种机的速度控制模型,并利用遗传算法进行了优化设计。最后,通过试验样机对播种机的播种性能进行了测试,结果表明:使用多目标遗传算法对播种机的性能进行优化后,播种机的播种质量、播种效率和播种能耗有了明显的改善,为新型播种机的研发提供了较有价值的参考。