试谈林业行政处罚中应用业务知识的重要性

指出了林业行政执法复杂且专业性要求强,林业业务知识对林业行政执法特别是林业行政处罚极为重要,通过专门人员或专业机构出具的林业勘验、检查或鉴定报告对案件性质或行政处罚裁量权起到了关键作用。结合实践探讨了林业行政执法人员掌握并依法运用林业业务知识,对林业行政执法水平、执法能力和执法效率、效果以及社会的影响。     

森林健康评价研究综述

森林健康评价问题是当今社会的核心话题,做好森林健康评价可为森林健康经营、生态环境治理及林业发展提供理论依据。本文结合我国森林现状对森林健康和森林健康评价的概念进行归纳,从经营、生态的角度分别阐述森林健康的特征,并提出综合型特征。建立评价指标体系是国内外研究森林健康的首要任务与难题,其中指标的选择应随目标不同而相应变化,对此总结我国在该方面最具代表性的研究成果。指标权重的确定和评价森林健康的方法较多,我国常将层次分析法与专家打分法相结合使用。最后提出现阶段我国进行森林健康评价时存在的问题,以及根据所出现的问题对森林的未来发展趋势进行分析。     

基于MATLAB实现模糊神经网络模型在企业水环境中的应用

指出了水质评价是进行水环境容量计算和实施水污染控制规划的重要基础。应用模糊神经网络原理,以某企业污水处理站的检验数据为依据,选择3个评价参数,使用MATLAB函数工具箱编程,建立了T—S模型,经过仿真得出评价结果,研究表明：该方法能正确评价水质的样本,具有较好地客观性和预测性。     

坟山绿化树种选择及配置模式

"青山白化"严重影响生态环境建设和城市文明形象,已成为亟待解决的社会问题。针对坟山的立地条件与特点,以适地适树、满足绿化主体功能、乡土树种为主以及尊重传统风俗习惯为选择原则,筛选出适合浙南地区的坟山绿化树种。在此基础上,依照营造不同类型的目标林分要求,确定14种坟山绿化配置模式,为"青山白化"区提供绿化治理技术。     

两种常温固化木材胶粘剂胶接强度分析

对两种木材用常温固化胶粘剂--单宁-甲醛胶粘剂和聚氨酯胶粘剂胶接的速生杨木的静态剪切强度进行了测试与分析.研究结果表明,以速生杨I-72为被胶接对象,自制的双组分型单宁胶压缩剪切强度范围为8.08～8.92MPa,但木破率较低,要满足日本集成材JAS标准中用胶规定,需进一步研究改进.相比较而言,聚氨酯胶粘剂的胶接强度较高,其压缩剪切强度值均在9.8MPa以上,木破率在75%以上,能够满足日本集成材JAS标准中用胶的规定.     

槭叶苹婆60Co-γ射线辐射诱变初报

用60Co-γ射线辐射槭叶苹婆种子,并对种子的萌发和幼苗生长进行观察.结果表明:辐射对槭叶苹婆的种子萌发、成苗率、幼苗高生长、叶面积存在影响.3 kR的辐射剂量对种子萌发有一定的促进作用,大于3 kR的高剂量则有抑制作用;辐射降低幼苗成苗率;辐射抑制苗高生长和叶片生长,但过高剂量叶片会增大并扭曲;初步认定槭叶苹婆种子辐射的半致死剂量为4 kR,适宜辐射剂量为3.0～4.5 kR.     

Nutrient cycling and biomass flows in a low-quality forest stand improvement system in the Lesser Khingan Range of China

The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site.     

Regulatory effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate supplementation on ergosterol production in Hericium erinaceus mycelia

We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control(p 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.     

伞房属4个树种/亚种在广东乐昌的早期生长表现

分析引自澳大利亚东部的桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）伞房属(Corymbia) 4个树种/亚种在广东省乐昌试验点的早期生长表现,结果表明：10 a生时,4个树种/亚种生长量最大的是大叶斑皮桉（Corymbia henryi）,其次是斑皮柠檬桉（Corymbia citriodora ssp. variegata）、柠檬桉（Corymbia citriodora ssp. citriodora）和斑皮桉（Corymbia maculata）,平均单株材积分别为0067 4、0059 0、0054 1和0034 1 m3;与8 a生时比较,4个树种/亚种在10 a生时仍保持较快的增长速度,材积增长均在67%以上,其中斑皮桉的材积增长率高达1450%。方差分析结果表明：在试验组Ⅰ,柠檬桉和大叶斑皮桉3个生长性状在家系间差异极显著（P＜001）,种源间胸径差异达极显著水平（P＜001）,树高差异达显著水平（P＜005）,单株材积差异不显著;在试验组Ⅱ,斑皮柠檬桉和斑皮桉3个生长性状在种源、家系间差异极显著（P＜001）。以单株材积高于对照为选择目标,选出大叶斑皮桉2个种源2个家系,斑皮柠檬桉5个种源11个家系,共计7个种源13个家系,分别占参试种源和家系总数的389%和140%。     

中东欧前社会主义国家森林私有化概况与发展趋势

概括介绍了中东欧前社会主义国家林权私有化的现状、面临的种种挑战和发展趋势。