山东省苹果黄蚜抗性水平监测及研究

采用点滴法测定了山东省１０地区苹果黄蚜对氰戊菊酯与氧化乐果的敏感性，结果表明，苹果黄岈对氰戊菊酯与氧化乐果已产生明显抗性，以山东莒南种群为敏感种群，夏津、菏泽、蒙阴、平邑、栖霞、寿光、平度、泰安、荣城苹果黄蚜对氰戊菊酯的抗性比（ＬＤ５０Ｒ／Ｓ）分别为：２３．９３、５２．８３、７４．１７、８３．２４、９１．２２、１０１．９５、１４５．３６、１５７．３３、２９１．５６；对氧化乐果的抗性比分别为：１７．１１、２６．９３、１５．９２、５８．２３、１０６．３２、２８．６９、３１．００、２５．８３、６４．５８。用浸渍法测定了泰安郊区苹果黄蚜对１５种杀虫剂的敏感性和田间４种药剂对荣城苹果黄蚜的药效试验。明确了吡虫啉、硫丹、灭多威对苹果黄蚜毒力高，是防治苹果黄蚜较理想药剂。     

露温露时和施氮量对稻瘟菌侵染的多元影响及其建模

 在人工气候室条件下研究了露温(DT),露时(DP),和施氮量(N)对稻瘟菌侵染的综合影响。发现这三个因子及其互作对侵染均有明显的作用,在供试条件和范围内,其作用大小为DP > DT > N > DP×DT > DT×N > DP×N > DP×DT×N。并得出了侵染的适合条件范围。本文首次在稻瘟侵染的研究中应用了侵染几率的概念,组建了侵染几率因气象和栽培因子而变的预测式。     

基于清查数据的立地质量评价方法准确性分析

立地质量的准确评价是森林科学经营的前提,本研究采用四川省第九次森林资源清查数据,筛选符合建模要求的样本,建立树高和蓄积量生长模型,运用单因素方差分析方法对不同因子间基准年龄时林分蓄积量进行分析,并比较不同立地质量评价方法的准确性。结果表明：建立的林分树高和蓄积生长曲线簇能反映不同条件下林分生长差异;海拔、坡度、土壤类型、砾石含量和植被类型会极显著影响立地质量;立地质量评价方法准确性地位级指数优于多元地位指数和森林类型指数,多元地位指数与森林类型指数评价准确性无显著性差异。     

Dietary supplementation with betaine or glycine improves the carcass trait,meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing mini-pigs

The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait, meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs. Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl derivative of glycine, but few researches were conducted to compare the impact of dietary betaine and glycine on pigs. One hundred and forty-four Huan Jiang mini-pigs (body weight = 10.55 ± 0.15 kg; 70 d) were randomly divided to 3 treatment groups (basal diet, glycine or betaine). Results indicated that dietary betaine increased the average daily gain (ADG) and final weight (P < 0.05). Dietary glycine or betaine markedly reduced average backfat thickness (P < 0.05) and heightened lean percentage (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, betaine significantly improved the redness (a∗) and tenderness (shear force) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05), whereas glycine only raised the value of a∗ of the LD muscle (P < 0.05). These results showed that diet supplemented with 0.25% betaine and equimolar amounts of glycine could regulate cascass trait and meat quality of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs, and the effect of betaine was superior to that of glycine.     

Serine-to-glycine ratios in low-protein diets regulate intramuscular fat by affecting lipid metabolism and myofiber type transition in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs

Serine and glycine are 2 of the first-affected nonessential amino acids in low crude protein (CP) diets for pigs. Therefore, we explored the effects of different dietary serine-to-glycine ratios on growth performance and lipid metabolism in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 160 crossbred healthy barrows, with a similar body weight of around 59.50 kg, were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments (8 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen). The serine-to-glycine ratios of the 5 dietary treatments were as follows: diet A (NORMAL group), 1.18:1 (16% CP); diet B (LOW group), 1.2:1 (12% CP); diet C (S2G1 group), 2:1 (12% CP); diet D (S1G2 group), 1:2 (12% CP); and diet E (S1G1 group), 1:1 (12% CP).We found that the pigs fed a low CP diet (12% CP), when maintaining serine-to-glycine ratio at 1:2 and a total amount of 1.44%, had the same average daily gain as the pigs fed a normal CP diet (16% CP) (P > 0.05), but they had increased intramuscular fat (P < 0.05). Furthermore, they exhibited higher expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), which was regulated by modulating methylation levels in the promoters of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM). When compared with the pigs fed a normal CP diet, these pigs had more oxidative myofibers (P < 0.05), which were regulated by AMPK-PGC-1α and Calcineurin-MEF2/NFAT pathways in a coordinated manner. Our findings suggested that a dietary serine-to-glycine ratio of 1:2 is beneficial for improving meat quality in pigs fed a low CP diet.     

果子狸对玉米、豆粕和鱼粉型日粮的消化率测定

本试验测定了 4只果子狸对玉米、豆粕和鱼粉型日粮的消化率。结果表明 :果子狸对该日粮的营养成分的消化率分别为 :粗蛋白 (CP) 68 31 % ,干物质 (DM ) 5 3 0 5 % ,精脂肪 (CL)5 8 30 % ,能量 (GE) 61 31 %。     

土壤容重对生姜生长及产量和品质的影响

以莱芜大姜为试材,研究了容重分别为1.49(CK)、1.36(T1)、1.20(T2)g·cm-3的3种土壤对生姜生长及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,容重较小的土壤,其孔隙度较大,最大持水量较高,有利于生姜植株的生长和产量的提高。生长末期T2的株高、茎粗、分枝数和叶片数分别比CK增加17.9%、14.0%、35.2%和36.1%,单株根、茎、叶、根茎鲜质量分别比CK提高43.3%、24.4%、28.1%和35.2%,收获时CK、T1、T2的产量分别为2534.1、3017.7和3326.8kg·(667m2)-1,处理间差异极显著。此外,生姜根茎干物质、淀粉及挥发油含量随土壤容重降低而降低,而蛋白质、游离氨基酸则相反,粗纤维、可溶性糖及VC含量则基本不受土壤容重的影响。     

以生态文化引领美丽乡村景观规划——以许家崖流域连片村庄规划建设为例

文章论述了乡村生态文化的概念和内涵,并以山东省费县许家崖流域19个连片村落美丽乡村建设为例,分析了许家崖流域乡村生态文化的资源类型和存在的问题;在此基础上,从完善生态文化结构入手研究美丽乡村景观规划和建设实践,以推动乡村振兴战略的实施.     

不同农药对美国白蛾幼虫致死效果研究

利用8种不同类型的农药对美国白蛾3龄幼虫进行了致死效果试验。结果表明,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、25%高氯.辛硫磷乳油对美国白蛾致死速度最快,在36h的致死率均达100%。48%毒死蜱乳油、5.7%高氯.氟铃脲乳油在48h的致死率也达到了100%,3.2%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了97.5%,0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油1000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了90%。而5%氟铃脲乳油和5%灭幼脲乳油在72h对美国白蛾的致死率较低,仅分别达到27.6%、42.2%。     

伞花木1年生播种苗生长节律研究

为掌握伞花木1年生播种苗的年生长规律,为伞花木苗木的高效培育提供科学依据,本文采用Logistic生长曲线方程对伞花木1年生播种苗的苗高与地径生长进行拟合,相关系数分别为0.995和0.997,均达极显著水平.根据伞花木1年生播种苗的实际观测值建立动态生长模型,并将其播种苗1年生长过程划分为出苗期、生长初期、生长盛期、生长后期.苗高的速生期为6月中旬-8月下旬,地径速生期为6月上旬-9月上旬,地径速生期比苗高速生期提早20 d结束,地径用46.67％的生长时间完成了65.43％的生长量.1年生苗木地上部分粗壮、地下部分具深根性,其根可深达土层32.92 cm处,且侧根数量较多,分布广.