年际气象差异对西南丘陵区玉米物质积累与产量的影响

基于2011-2016年大田试验和气象数据资料,研究了年际气象差异对西南丘陵区玉米物质积累与产量的影响,以期为西南丘陵区玉米生产的高产稳产提供理论支持。结果表明：西南丘陵地区雨热资源丰富,但气象因素存在明显的年际波动,降水量波动最大,积温波动最小,且玉米各生育阶段降水、积温和光照配置也有所不同。积温是该区玉米生育前期形态建成的主要限制因子,花前积温、花后日照和降水共同调控玉米的干物质积累与转运,而后期产量形成是各气象因子综合作用的结果。花后日照直接影响玉米穗部性状（穗长、穗粗）和产量构成（穗粒数、千粒重）,从而调控玉米的产量;花后积温和降水则通过影响玉米的穗粒数和千粒重对最终产量产生影响。因此,西南丘陵地区玉米在生产过程中可以通过调整播期,适当提高生育前期积温,促进植株生长发育,提高源器官的形态建成,为花后光合生产奠定良好的基础;减少花后降水量,提高花后日照时数,改善籽粒灌浆,提高籽粒充实度,从而实现高产。     

栗属分子生物学研究进展

壳斗科(Fagaceae)栗属(Castanea)植物的7个种分布广泛,不仅可用于木材生产,而且在坚果生产上也占有独特地位。基于形态学、同工酶、子叶储藏蛋白和RAPD数据,通过对分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美的栗属植物的遗传多样性研究表明中国板栗(Castaneamollissima)是世界栗属植物的原始种,长江流域是中国板栗的遗传多样性中心,土耳其是欧洲板栗的起源中心之一。在分子标记辅助育种方面,已发表了基于形态学、同工酶、RAPD和ISSR数据的两张栗属植物的遗传连锁图谱,其中一个是用欧洲板栗种内杂交后代F1全部单株构建的,另一张是用美洲板栗与中国板栗种间杂交后代F2单株构建的,并已经定位了3个假定的栗疫病抗性位点;并且证明在多年生木本果树上同工酶基因可通过连锁关系分析与形态基因整合为1个单一基因图而无需另外的杂交。从栗属植物中已分离纯化了包括可抑制HIV-1反转录酶活性的Mollisin在内的几丁质酶等抗真菌蛋白、胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、热击蛋白、红血球凝集素、脱水素、花粉过敏原等功能蛋白质,并已经克隆了包括伤害应答基因在内的部分功能蛋白质相关基因。因此,作为具有独特性质的栗属植物,有必要开展更多的研究,就此本文对栗属植物遗传多样性、分子标记辅助育种和功能蛋白纯化和有关基因克隆等几方面的研究进展进行了总结,希望能位同行提供参考。     

Effects of Altitude Change on Nutritional Quality and Elymus nutans Regularity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In order to reveal the effects of different altitudes on the nutritional quality of wild forage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study used Elymus nutans as the tested plants to evaluate the changes of nutrient contents and the correlation between the nutrient contents and altitudes.Four sampling sites were set up at altitudes of 2 562,2 660,2 775 and 2 905 m with the vertical distance among each sampling point was about 100 m.The results showed that the crude protein,ash and phosphorus contents of Elymus nutans decreased significantly with an increase in altitudes.The crude protein contents decreased by 1.87 % with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude protein contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0187x+63.244 (R~2=0.9557)".The crude ash contents decreased by 1.77% with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude ash contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0177x+56.144 (R~2=0.978)".Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of altitudes,but the most obvious increase was at 2 775 m.The contents of crude fat and Ca did not change regularly with altitudes.     

赣中地区棉花荷兰豆套种及轻简栽培技术

本文介绍了江西赣中地区棉花与荷兰豆套作模式及轻简栽培模式,并介绍该模式下棉花、荷兰豆的轻简栽培技术,包括选择配套栽培的优质良种、田块选择、科学肥水管理、棉花化学调控、病虫草害绿色防控等方面内容.棉花荷兰豆套种经济效益比棉花单作提高59.5％、比荷兰豆单作提高2.84％,棉花荷兰豆套种模式投入减少,提高棉农的经济效益.以...     

坟山绿化树种选择及配置模式

"青山白化"严重影响生态环境建设和城市文明形象,已成为亟待解决的社会问题。针对坟山的立地条件与特点,以适地适树、满足绿化主体功能、乡土树种为主以及尊重传统风俗习惯为选择原则,筛选出适合浙南地区的坟山绿化树种。在此基础上,依照营造不同类型的目标林分要求,确定14种坟山绿化配置模式,为"青山白化"区提供绿化治理技术。     

水稻施用植物生长促进菌效果初探

通过田间试验,对一种植物生长促进菌(PGPR)在水稻上的应用效果作了初步探讨。试验结果表明,PGPR制剂与化肥配合施用对水稻生长发育产生了显著的影响。与单施氮、磷、钾化肥相比,PGPR与化肥处理显著提高了水稻的株高、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,比单施化肥和不施肥对照分别增产26.0%和53.9%。同时,PGPR处理提高了水稻的根系活力,并对灌浆速率产生了积极的影响。     

中国对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（HHNBV）DNA探针的制备及应用

ＨＨＮＢＶ是１９９３年中国对虾暴发性流行病的主要病原之一。从纯化的病毒中提取ＤＮＡ，用ＥｃｏＲｌ限制性内切酶酶切成ＤＮＡ片段，与ＰＵＣ１８体外重组，建立ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ文库。从中筛选出三个重组质粒（５＃、８＃、９＃），它们所插入的片段大小分别为：２．８Ｋｂ、０．８Ｋｂ、１．６Ｋｂ，它们分别用光敏生物素标记成探针，与感染ＨＨＮＢＶ的病虾ＤＮＡ呈阳性反应，以此利用制备的ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ探针的高敏感性和特异性来检测虾病。     

显微注射生长激素基因导入中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）受精卵的研究

本实验采用显微微量注射方法，交羊生长激素基因导入中轻地虾受精卵，受精卵发育到蚤状幼体第三期后采样检测。ＰＣＲ检测结果表明：７个样品共９３尾幼体，有３个样品呈出阳性信号，基因转移比率至少在３％以上。同时斑点杂交结果也证明有两个明显阳性斑点。     

Effect of starvation on biochemical composition and gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea gigas</Emphasis>

The effects of starvation on biochemical composition and gametogenesis were investigated in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Histological analysis, combined with oocyte examination and measurements of protein, glycogen and lipid levels and RNA/DNA ratio from gonad, adductor muscle and mantle tissue of each sex were performed. In the starved groups, C. gigas showed gonad development, but the progress was delayed during the experiment. Glycogen was the first substrate used by C. gigas for dealing with lack of food. While glycogen was rapidly consumed, protein and lipid contents decreased gradually. A decrease in the RNA/DNA ratio in the starved groups in all the body components was found during starvation, illustrating that RNA/DNA ratio was a valid indicator of nutritional condition in C. gigas. A significant increase in water and ash contents and a corresponding decrease in condition index were observed in the starved groups, showing that the water and ash content and condition index were related to the usage of glycogen, lipid and protein reserves in body composition. During starvation, energy reserves were mobilized for survival and gonad development, but spawning was arrested. The information obtained in this study is useful for broodstock management in the Pacific oyster industry.     

对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒的精细结构、核酸、多肽及血清学研究

对纯化的对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）进行了超微结构、紫外吸收、核酸类型及多肽ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ的研究。同时用单克隆抗体对ＨＨＮＢＶ的两分离株和ＭＢＶ进行了血清学比较研究。用ＴＭＶ作为内标定物测得病毒粒子大小为１５０ｎｍ×４５０ｎｍ，其衣壳为两个帽状物端夹１３圈螺旋对称的园柱体结构。病毒在２６０ｎｍ处吸光系数为０．１１７ｍｇ／ｍＬ／ＯＤ２６０。病毒核酸为双链ＤＮＡ，分子量大于３５×１０６ｄ。病毒囊膜有１２种主要多肽。病毒衣壳有两种主要多肽。从寿光（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７）和青岛（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３８）分离到的病毒种在ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ和抗ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ反应上没有显著差异。ＨＨＮＢＶ与斑节对虾杆状病毒（ＭＢＶ）在抗原决定簇上存在差别。