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81.
Halil Kurban Hirofumi Saneoka Kunito Nehira Rahmutulla Adilla Kounosuke Fujita 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):589-597
The response of two leguminous plants Alhagi pseudoalhagi and Vigna radiata to seawater salinity was studied over a period of 30 d. The growth of Vigna radiata was markedly and gradually reduced by increasing salinity levels, whereas that of Alhagi pseudoalhagi was promoted at 9.1 and 16.2 dS m-1 salinity but then was slightly reduced at 28.2 dS m-1 salinity. These results indicate that Alhagi pseudoalhagi belongs to the group of halophytic plants. Seawater salinity caused changes in the membrane permeability measured as electrolyte leakage in both plants. Alhagi pseudoalhagi maintained a lower membrane permeability than Vigna radiata. With increasing salinity levels, the membrane permeability decreased in Alhagi pseudoalhagi, whereas, in Vigna radiata it slightly increased at 9.1 dS m-1. The leaf water potential and the osmotic potential decreased in both plants along with the seawater salinity levels. However, the turgor potential and osmotic adjustment in Alhagi pseudoalhagi were maintained at a higher level than in Vigna radiata. The contributions of organic and inorganic solutes to the osmotic adjustment differed: Alhagi pseudoalhagi achieved osmotic adjustment through Cl- and Na+ uptake from the substrate, while the contribution of K+, Ca2+, and organic solutes to the osmotic adjustment was limited. These results suggest that the differences in salt tolerance between Alhagi pseudoalhagi and Vigna radiata can not be due to differences in specific-ion effects, but may be related to some factors involved in membrane permeability and osmotic adjustment. 相似文献
82.
Shuichi Asanuma Yasuhiro Kono Hirofumi Tanaka Michihiko Yatazawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):553-561
Abstract Root system of rice seedlings grown on nutrient solution inoculated with soil microorganisms were examined morphologically in comparison with those obtained under sterile condition. In the presence of soil microorganisms, primary roots increased in their number and decreased in the total length. Inoculated plants had more secondary roots equipped with tertiary roots. In addition, longer root hairs developed densely on primary and secondary roots of the inoculated seedlings. Anatomical examination of the primary roots revealed that the number and width of cortical layers, as well as the length and width of the cortical cells, were increased by the effect of microorganisms. Microbial effect on outer morphology of rice roots, consequently, was estimated to have been induced from the alteration in histological and cytological activities including the activation of the periclinal divisions of the epidermal cells, the inactivation of the transverse divisions of the cortical cells and the activation of the elongation of cortical cells. 相似文献
83.
Masahiro Hatamoto Ryo Aizawa Kogomi Koda Toshiki Fukuchi 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(2):198
Aminopyrifen is a novel 2-aminonicotinate fungicide with unique chemistry and a novel mode of action. The fungicide showed high antifungal activity mainly against Ascomycetes and its related anamorphic fungi under in vitro and pot conditions (EC50 values: 0.0039–0.23 mg/L and 1.2–12 mg/L, respectively). The active ingredient strongly inhibited germ-tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea below 0.1 mg/L and invasion into a plant. The compound exhibited no cross-resistance to commercial fungicides in B. cinerea. The antifungal agent showed high preventive efficacy and translaminar action. In the field, aminopyrifen controlled gray mold and powdery mildew at 150 mg/L. Our findings suggest that aminopyrifen is useful for protecting crops from various plant pathogens. 相似文献
84.
Takeshi Yamamoto Hiroyuki Matsunari Takashi Iwasaki Hiroshi Hashimoto Isao Kai Hiroto Hokazono Kazuhisa Hamada Kazuhisa Teruya Takashi Hara Hirofumi Furuita Keiichi Mushiake 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):269-275
This study examined the changes in mineral concentrations in amberjack Seriola dumerili larvae during seed production taking into consideration the mineral concentrations of rotifers in the larval rearing tanks (tank rotifers), since the concentrations of certain minerals in tank rotifers have been reported to be very high. In the present study, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in tank rotifers were generally higher than in freshly enriched rotifers. The extent of the increase in tank rotifers varied depending on the mineral, larval production facility and larval production trial. Concentrations of Ca in the larvae increased as they grew, those of P and Mn increased up to ca. 30 days post-hatching (DPH), those of Mg and Fe increased up to ca. 20 DPH and then decreased, and those of Zn continuously decreased through the seed production periods (to ca. 40 DPH). However, there were no clear relationships between the mineral concentrations of the tank rotifers and the larvae. These results indicate that high concentrations of minerals in tank rotifers are not directly reflected in amberjack larvae. This suggests that amberjack larvae maintain their mineral status by controlling the uptake and/or excretion of food minerals. 相似文献
85.
Naoki Eguchi Hirofumi Tokutake Naho Yamagishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(5):382-389
Hot water was dripped into the rhizosphere of Japanese pear trees (Pyrus serotina Rehd. grafted on P. betulifolia Bunge.) infested with the white root rot fungus Rosellinia necatrix Prillieux, to destroy the fungus. Isolates of R. necatrix from diseased roots of Japanese pear were vulnerable to water at temperatures above 35°C, and the fungus was eradicated from
the colonized substrate when water at 35°C was provided for 3 days. The time required to eradicate R. necatrix decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. Japanese pear trees tolerated a temperature of 45°C without reduction
in vigor. Field experiments demonstrated the practical use of hot water drip irrigation (HWD). HWD at 50°C completely destroyed
white root rot mycelia on diseased roots, and many rootlets grew after the treatment. HWD at this temperature caused no injury
to the trees. HWD of diseased orchard trees was assessed in Takamori and Iida in southern Nagano, Japan. The fungus recurred
in two of four trees 28 months after treatment in Takamori and in two of ten trees 16 months after treatment in Iida. The
new mycelia emerged on thick roots deep within the soil. Although there is a possibility of recurrence, HWD treatment is a
practical control measure for white root rot. 相似文献
86.
Takeshi Yamamoto Koji Murashita Hiroyuki Matsunari Tsuyoshi Sugita Hirofumi Furuita Yasuro Iwashita Shunji Amano Nobuhiro Suzuki 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1273-1283
To investigate the influence of dietary soy protein size on the bile acid status and the distal intestinal morphology in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, diets based on soybean meal (SBM), soy protein isolate (SPI) and 4 soy peptide products having different molecular sizes were fed to trout (initial BW, 19?g) for 10?weeks. A diet based on fish meal (Cont) and a diet including the smallest-peptide and low-saponin product (Hi-Nute AM) and supplemented with soya saponin (AMS) were also fed. In fish fed diets SBM and SPI, the gallbladder was atrophied, the proportion of biliary cholyltaurine decreased, and highly vacuolated epithelial cells of mucosal folds and proliferation of connective tissues in the submucosa of the distal intestine were observed. These parameters tended to improve in fish fed soy peptide diets and especially those of fish fed diet AM were similar to fish fed diet Cont. Although the gallbladder of fish fed diet AMS was smaller than fish fed the unsupplemented diet AM, no morphological abnormalities were observed in the distal intestine. These results suggest that soy proteins/peptides with relatively large sizes and with soya saponin affect the bile acid status and distal intestinal morphology of rainbow trout. 相似文献
87.
Akira TAKEDA Hirofumi TSUKADA Yuichi TAKAKU Shun'ichi HISAMATSU 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(3):349-357
To better understand the behavior of metals in soil–plant systems, their physicochemical forms in rhizosphere soil should be elucidated. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a soil solution influences the mobility and bioavailability of metals in soil. The present study examined the effects of plant growth on DOM–metal complexes in a rhizosphere soil solution using size exclusion chromatography combined with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer system (SEC–ICP-MS) and an ultrafiltration technique. Humus-rich volcanic ash soil from the surface of an agricultural field was used in a pot cultivation experiment. Brassica rapa nothovar. was cultivated in a pot in which rhizosphere soil (R) was separated by a nylon net screen from non-rhizosphere soil (NR). Soil solutions were collected using a high-speed centrifugation method 3 weeks after sowing and analyzed using SEC–ICP-MS. Some peaks of DOM with a high molecular size were detected in the ultraviolet-absorbing chromatograph (280 nm) of the soil solution samples. Their concentrations were much higher in the R solution than in the NR solution. Metals including Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Y, La and U were detected at the ultraviolet peak positions of the DOM. The ultrafiltration experiment showed that the size distributions of the organic materials to which the metals were combined differed between the R and NR soil solutions. These results suggest that plant growth enhanced the dissolution of metals adsorbed with organic matter from the solid phase in rhizosphere soil. 相似文献
88.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cell proliferation is an important determinant of plant growth and development. In addition,modulation of cell-division rate is an important mechanism of plant plasticity and is key inadapting of plants to environmental conditions. One of the greatest challenges inunderstanding the cell cycle of flowering plants is the large families of CDKs and cyclins thathave the potential to form many different complexes. However, it is largely unclear whichcomplexes are active. In addition, there are many CDK- and cyclin-related proteins whosebiological role is still unclear, i.e. whether they have indeed enzymatic activity. Thus, abiochemical characterization of these proteins is of key importance for the understanding oftheir function. RESULTS: Here we present a straightforward system to systematically express and purify active CDKcyclincomplexes from E. coli extracts. Our method relies on the concomitant production of aCDK activating kinase, which catalyzes the T-loop phosphorylation necessary for kinaseactivity. Taking the examples of the G1-phase cyclin CYCLIN D3;1 (CYCD3;1), the mitoticcyclin CYCLIN B1;2 (CYCB1;2) and the atypical meiotic cyclin SOLO DANCERS (SDS) inconjunction with A-, B1- and B2-type CDKs, we show that different CDKs can interact withvarious cyclins in vitro but only a few specific complexes have high levels of kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that both the cyclin as well as the CDK partner contribute to substratespecificity in plants. These findings refine the interaction networks in cell-cycle control andpinpoint to particular complexes for modulating cell proliferation activity in breeding. 相似文献
89.
Ryoji Komura Taku Kawakami Kaori Nakajima Hirofumi Suzuki Chiharu Nakashima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(4):247-253
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-fluorescent loop primer (FLP) method detects genetic polymorphisms by using a LAMP amplicon and measuring the peak temperatures of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between an FLP and a quencher probe, which is specifically hybridized to a sequence including a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In the present study, the LAMP-FLP method was used to detect mutant genotypes F167Y, E198Q, and F200Y in the β2-tubulin gene region of causal pathogens of Fusarium head blight of wheat that result in methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) resistance, proving its usefulness for monitoring strains with SNPs in target regions of MBC resistance. 相似文献
90.
Noriyuki Miyake Hirofumi Nagai Shinro Kato Masashi Matsusaki Shiro Fukuta Reiko Takahashi Ryoji Suzuki Yasushi Ishiguro 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(1):1-6
Two detection methods combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and a bait trap were developed to detect Pythium helicoides in greenhouses containing roses, miniature roses, and poinsettias in hydroponic culture systems. In “Bait-LAMP”, a crude extract derived from perilla seeds as the bait was used in the LAMP reaction, whereas in the “Bait culture-LAMP”, a crude extract of mycelia grown out from perilla seeds onto Pythium-selective medium served as the bait. The two methods are simple and rapid for practical monitoring of P. helicoides in hydroponic culture systems. 相似文献