An AC-5 cathepsin B-like protease purified from Haemonchus contortus excretory secretory products shows protective antigen potential for lambs

The immunogenic properties of cysteine proteases obtained from excretory/secretory products (ES) of Haemonchus contortus were investigated with a fraction purified with a recombinant H. contortus cystatin affinity column. The enrichment of H. contortus ES for cysteine protease was confirmed with substrate SDS-PAGE gels since the cystatin-binding fraction activity was three times higher than total ES, despite representing only 3% of total ES. This activity was inhibited by a specific cysteine protease inhibitor (E64) and by recombinant cystatin. The one-dimensional profile of the cystatin-binding fraction displayed a single band with a molecular mass of 43 kDa. Mass spectrometry showed this to be AC-5, a cathepsin B-like cysteine protease which had not been identified in ES products of H. contortus before. The cystatin binding fraction was tested as an immunogen in lambs which were vaccinated three times (week 0, 2.5 and 5), challenged with 10 000 L3 H. contortus (week 6) before necropsy and compared to unvaccinated challenge controls and another group given total ES (n = 10 per group). The group vaccinated with cystatin-binding proteins showed 36% and 32% mean worm burden and eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) reductions, respectively, compared to the controls but total ES was almost without effect. After challenge the cystatin-binding proteins induced significantly higher local and systemic ES specific IgA and IgG responses.     

阿勒泰地区疣枝桦育苗技术

疣枝桦是阿勒泰地区广泛分布的乡土树种,文章简要介绍了疣枝桦在阿勒泰地区的分布、生物学特性以及播种繁殖过程,其中包括采种、种子处理、播种前的整地、播种、苗期管理等。文章阐述了疣枝桦育苗技术措施,在生产实践中具有较强的可操作性。     

Enhancing immunity to nematode parasites in single-bearing Merino ewes through nutrition and genetic selection

The effectiveness of protein supplementation and genetic selection to enhance the resistance of periparturient Merino ewes to infection from gastrointestinal parasites was tested in a replicated grazing experiment. One hundred and twenty ewes from lines selected for increased resistance (R) to Haemonchus contortus or at random (C) were subjected to one of the three supplement groups that provided 0 or 250 g per day cottonseed meal for 5 weeks prior to, or for 6 weeks after the start of lambing. Faecal egg counts (FEC) of R ewes were consistently lower than those of C ewes but both groups exhibited a periparturient rise in FEC. Supplementation during the pre-partum period reduced FEC and increased ewe body weight gain. The benefits of pre-partum supplementation in reducing FEC continued to be apparent up to 10 weeks after supplementation ceased. There was a strong suggestion that the benefits to parasite resistance from protein supplementation were greatest in C ewes. Wool growth rates (15%) and birth weights (5%) were greater for C ewes but differences between the lines for lamb body weight had disappeared by day 97. The greatest benefit to resistance from protein supplementation was observed when ewes were experiencing a loss of maternal body weight. Conversely, no benefits to resistance were observed when ewes had moderate (78-107 g per day) rates of maternal weight gain. These results suggest that increased resistance as a result of protein supplementation is dependent on the prevailing supply and demand for scarce nutrients such as metabolisable protein (MP). Both genetic selection and protein nutrition are effective strategies to enhance host resistance to nematode infection during the periparturient period.     

工厂化水产养殖水质预测预警系统的设计

在对养殖水质需求分析的基础上,设计了一种水质在线实时预测预警系统。该系统具有以下功能:水质实时信息和预测信息的查询、水质预警、水质预警设置和用户管理。在多媒体可视化界面的引导下,信息操作人员可以根据养殖场的实际情况,进行各种预警指标的设定和预警方式的设置。该系统较好地解决了工厂化养殖过程中水质监测预警问题,方便了用户对养殖用水水质的监控和管理。     

Leucoencephalomyelopathy in Australian Rottweiler dogs

Clinical and pathological studies of a neurological disorder of 3 adult Rottweiler dogs are described. Dogs developed proprioceptive losses involving the limbs, leading to progressively worsening ataxia and hypermetria. Blood and CSF fluid analyses were normal and radiographs and myelograms showed no compressive lesions of the spinal cord. At necropsy, severe demyelination of the dorsal and lateral funiculi of the cervical spinal cord was visible grossly. Microscopically there was more extensive, symmetrical involvement of the spinal cord and brain than was apparent grossly, with demyelination of white matter tracts and sparing of axons in affected areas. These changes were considered diagnostic for leucoencephalomyelopathy. This condition has not been previously reported in Australia, and is probably transmitted genetically, presumably as an autosomal recessive trait.     

Association between growth indicators and volume of lesions in lungs from pigs at slaughter.

Conflicting findings exist among studies on the effect of pneumonia on growth in pigs. We determined the extent of pneumonia in market-weight pigs by use of an objective, volumetric method and linear regression analyses of mean daily gain and days-to-slaughter weight on the percentage of pneumonic lung. In a range of extent of pneumonia between 1.33 and 70.44%, a 10% increase in the volume of pneumonic lung was associated with a decrease in mean daily gain by 41.1 g and a 16.7-day increase in number of days to a slaughter weight of 104.5 kg.     

Use of ivermectin to control sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia

Summary The results of three experiments aimed at controlling sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia are reported. In Experiment 1 treatment with ivermectin (0·2 mg/kg body weight) or coumaphos (0·05% dip solution) resulted in a significant reduction in mite numbers and an increase in body weight while in the untreated controls all animals had to be withdrawn from the experiment due to severity of infection. In Experiment 2 three treatment levels of ivermectin were shown to be equally effective in reducing mite numbers, while again all untreated control animals were withdrawn. The third experiment demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in mite numbers following two doses of ivermectin at a seven day interval when compared to a single dose. Again the majority of untreated control animals were withdrawn. Future control strategies and reasons for failure to eliminate the presence of mites are discussed.

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Uso De La Ivermectina Para El Control De La Sarna Sarcoptica En Cabras En Indonesia

Resumen Se describen los resultados de tres experimentos a controlar sarna sarcóptica en cabras en Indonesia. En el experimento I, el tratamiento con ivermectina (200 µg/kg de peso corporal) o con cumafos (0.05 % de una solución para baño de inmersión) dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de parásitos y en el incremento de peso, mientras que en el grupo de controles no tratados, todos los animales tuvieron que ser retirados del experimento debido a la severidad de la infección. En el experimento 2 tres niveles de tratamiento con ivermectina, fueron igualmente efectivos en reducir el número de ácaros; mientras que los animales no tratados tuvieron también que ser retirados. El tercer experimento dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de ácaros después de dos dosis de ivermectina con un intervalo de siete días, comparada con una dosis sencilla. Otra vez, la mayoría de controles no tratados tuvieron que ser retirados. Se discute en este trabajo las estrategias futuras de control y las razones de las fallas para eliminar la presencia de ácaros.

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Emploi De L'Ivermectine Pour Lutter Contre La Gale Sarcoptique Des Chevres En Indonesie

Résumé Les auteurs rapportent les résultats de 3 expériences ayant pour but la lutte contre la gale sarcoptique en Indonésie.Expérience n° 1: le traitement à l'ivermectine à la dose de 200 mg par kg de poids vif ou au coumaphos (bain en solution à 0,05 p. 100) a entraîné une réduction significative du nombre des parasites et un accroissement du poids corporel. Chez les témoins non traités au contraire, tous les animaux ont dû être retirés de l'expérience en raison de la sévérité de l'infection.Expérience n° 2: 3 niveaux de traitment par l'ivermectine ont montré une efficacité identique dans la réduction du nombre des acariens, tandis que là encore les animaux témoins non-traités ont dû être retirés.Expérience n° 3: Elle a révélé une réduction significativement plus grande dans le nombre des parasites après 2 doses d'ivermectine à sept jours d'intervalle, comparée à une dose unique. Comme dans les 2 expériences précédentes, la majorité des témoins a dû être soustraite au protocole. Les stratégies de lutte possibles et les raisons des échecs dans l'élimination des parasites font l'objet de la discussion.

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Name and address for reprints: Dr A.J. Wilson, Project Manager, RIVS, PO Box 52, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.     

内蒙古镶黄旗草原生态环境退化原因及可持续发展

以内蒙古自治区草原生态环境严重恶化、经济落后的镶黄旗为研究对象，通过对制约镶黄旗草原生态系统可持续发展的因素进行分析，并结合镶黄旗实际情况，提出适合该区域草原生态环境及经济可持续发展的思路和对策。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G in the turkey

Parmacokinetics of penicillin G was determined for the turkey. The study was prompted by the isolation of a sulfonamide-resistant strain of Pasteurella multocida from tissues of turkeys involved in an outbreak of fowl cholera and the subsequent discovery that little pharmacologic information was available concerning other antimicrobial agents in that species. Penicillin G was chosen for study because P multocida is susceptible to this antibiotic. The elimination of the antibiotic followed first-order kinetics, and the half-life was found to be 0.5 hours. Parenteral administration of benzathine-procaine penicillin G resulted in higher concentrations, which persisted for longer periods than did procaine or potassium salts of the antibiotic.