香樟树枝堆肥产物与盾构脱水泥共堆肥的效果

[目的]实现两种城市固体废弃物盾构脱水泥和香樟树枝堆肥产物同时最大化处置与利用,从而推进园林绿化废弃物与城市盾构污泥资源化产品的应用。[方法]以盾构脱水泥与香樟树枝堆肥产物分别按照25∶1,30∶1,20∶1,25∶1比例(质量比)调配一级、二级草坪种植土与一级、二级花坛种植土,考察4种比例下共堆肥过程中阴离子表面活性剂AES的降解特征以及堆肥发酵产物的主要元素含量与盆栽试验。[结果]盾构脱水泥与香樟树枝堆肥产物分别以25∶1,30∶1,20∶1,25∶1比例堆肥20 d的产物均满足《绿化种植土壤CJ/T340-2016》一级、二级草坪种植土与一级、二级花坛种植土要求。共堆肥明显促进了盾构脱水泥中主要污染物AES的降解,堆肥20 d后产物中AES表面活性剂含量均下降了75.24%以上。盆栽试验结果发现,堆肥终产物一级草坪土与二级草坪土种植马尼拉种子的发芽率分别为92%与86%;一级花坛土中移栽杜鹃与二级花坛土中移栽满天星的成活率均为100%。[结论]香樟树枝堆肥产物与盾构脱水泥混合共堆肥,不仅有利于盾构脱水泥的环保处置,堆肥后可进行二次利用,而且促进了盾构泥中AES的降解,降低了盾构脱水泥中AES对环境的危害。     

Modulation of Uptake and Translocation of Iron and Copper from Root to Shoot in Common Bean by Siderophore-Producing Microorganisms

Microbes have developed high-affinity uptake mechanisms to assimilate iron (Fe) and other metals such as aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). Siderophores, which are metal chelating compounds, and membrane receptor proteins are involved in these specialized mechanisms. A few siderophore-producing microorganisms associated with plant roots also influence the uptake of some metals. In this study, the potential microbial-assisted Cu and Fe uptake by Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) plants was evaluated. Seedlings of cultivated common bean varieties Bayo-INIFAP (B) and Negro-150 (N) and wild types yellowish (WY) and black (WB) were developed in the presence of a Cu and Fe solution and associated with the siderophore-producing microorganisms R. leguminosarumbv. Phaseoli (strains 19, 44, and 46); Pseudomonas fluorescens(strain Avm), and Azospirillum brasilense (strain 154). Seedlings of cultivated variety N and black wild type WB inoculated with the strain CPMex.44 accumulated 71% and 30% more Fe than the un-inoculated plants, respectively; however, the wild black bean accumulated the highest absolute amount of Fe (221.56 mg/kg of dry matter) as compared with the cultivated black variety N (126.16 mg/kg of dry matter) (P < 0.05). In the wild type WY seedlings, the highest Fe accumulation was observed when the seeds were inoculated with the Pseudomonas strain Avm (206 mg/kg of dry matter) (P < 0.05). The interaction of Pseudomonas strain Avm with seedlings of the cultivated B variety and the wild type WB promoted the highest accumulation of Cu (51 and 54 mg/kg of dry matter, respectively), 7 and 14 mg more than in the respective non-inoculated seedlings. No promotion of Fe accumulation was observed in the seedlings of the cultivated B variety and in roots; instead, less Fe was accumulated. The wild type WY did not show any improvement in Cu accumulation. In this study, Rhizobiumstrains promoted Fe but not Cu uptake in P. vulgaris seedlings while Pseudomonas strains promoted the uptake of both Cu and Fe.     

Prediction of bending properties for structural glulam using optimized distributions of knot characteristics and laminar MOE

This study established a prediction model for bending properties of glued-laminated timber (glulam) using optimized knot and modulus of elasticity (MOE) distributions of lumber laminate as the main input variables. For this purpose, knot and MOE data were investigated for all pieces of lumber that were prepared for glulam manufacturing, and statistical distributions of knot size, knot number in one lumber, and MOE of each laminate were optimized as distribution functions. These knot and MOE data were used as input variables in the prediction model for bending properties, and were also used in generating virtual glulam using the inverse transform method. Prediction of bending properties for glulam was carried out using the transformed section method, which is partially provided in ASTM D 3737 (Annex A4). Predicted values were compared with those from full-scale four-point bending tests for 60 six-layered glulams with 10 different laminar combinations. Finally, the allowable bending properties of glulam for each specific laminate combination were determined by calculating the fifth percentile of the modulus of rupture and the average modulus of elasticity from virtual test results of more than 1000 virtual glulams. From the results of this study, predicted bending properties for glulam and their distributions could be used for structural design in both allowable stress design and limit state design.     

Effects of thermo‐resistant non‐starch polysaccharide degrading multi‐enzyme on growth performance,meat quality,relative weights of body organs and blood profile in broiler chickens

This research was conducted to study the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with heat‐treated non‐starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme. A total of 432 one‐day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to five treatments: (i) CON (basal diet), (ii) E1: CON + 0.05% multi‐enzyme, (iii) E2: CON + 0.1% multi‐enzyme, (iv) E3: CON + 0.05% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme and (v) E4: CON + 0.1% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme, each treatment consisted of six replications and 12 chickens in each replication. The chickens were housed in three floor battery cages during 28‐day experimental period. On days 1–7, gain in body weight (BWG) improved by feeding the diets supplemented with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme. On days 7–21 and 1–28, chickens fed the diets containing thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed improved (p < 0.05) BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to CON group. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme affected the percentage of drip loss on d 1 (p < 0.05). Drip loss percentage on days 3 and 5 and also meat colour were not affected significantly. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme did not affect the relative weights of organs but compared to CON group, relative weight of breast muscle increased and abdominal fat decreased (p < 0.05). Among measured blood constituents, chickens fed supplemented diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed higher (p < 0.05) IgG. Counts of red and white blood cells and lymphocyte percentage were not affected. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that supplementing pelleted diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme improved performance of broiler chickens.     

新疆麦棉间作布局及麦棉比例与棉田捕食性天敌发生的关系

2008年在新疆莎车县分别比较研究了棉田与麦田间作不同条件下棉田几种主要捕食性天敌发生数量和益害比情况。结果表明：在麦收后前期（6月17日）,麦 棉、麦 棉 麦、麦 棉 麦 棉3种布局方式棉田和3种麦棉比例棉田的增益作用要强于全棉棉田,控害效果明显。3种布局方式棉田和3种麦棉比例棉田与全棉棉田的天敌总数、瓢虫类天敌数量和两种益害比差异显著;3种麦棉布局棉田天敌总数分别高出全棉棉田104%、109.4%和113.8%;瓢虫类天敌数量分别高出全棉棉田137.4%、135.3%和173.4%。麦棉布局棉田中,麦 棉 麦 棉镶嵌式布局增益效果最好。麦棉比例1∶5以上、1∶1~1∶5及1∶1以下棉田的天敌总数分别高出全棉棉田79.1%、128.4%和121.2%;瓢虫类天敌数量分别高出全棉棉田108.7%、165.7%和176.2%;3种麦棉比棉田中,1∶1~1∶5的麦棉比例的增益效果最好。麦收后期（7月16日）,麦田增益效果减弱,各类棉田天敌害虫发生趋于一致,差异不显著。     

Preparation and properties of waterborne poly(urethane-urea) ionomers effect of the type of neutralizing agent

A series of waterborne poly(urethane-urea) anionomers were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), ethylene diamine (EDA), and triethylamine (TEA), NaOH, or Cu(COOCH₃)₂ as neutralizing agent. This study was performed to decide the effect of neutralizing agent type on the particle size, viscosity, hydrogen bonding index, adhesive strength, antistaticity, antibacterial and mechanical properties. The particle size of the dispersions decreased in the following order: TEA based samples (T-sample), NaOH based samples(N-sample), and Cu(COOCH₃)₂ based sample (C-sample). The viscosity of the dispersions increased in the order of C-sample, N-sample, and T-sample. Metal salt based film samples (N and C-sample) had much higher antistaticity than TEA based sample. By infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the hydrogen bonding index (or fraction) of samples decreased in the order of T-sample, N-sample, and C-sample. The adhesive strength and tensile modulus/strength decreased in the order of T-sample, N-sample, and C-sample. The C-sample had strong antibacterial halo, however, T- and N-samples did not.     

新疆棉田牧草盲蝽的空间分布规律

为明确新疆棉田牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis(Linnaeus)的空间分布型,于2012-2014年对新疆喀什地区棉田牧草盲蝽种群数量进行了系统调查,应用5种聚集度指数、Iwao m*-m回归方程和Taylor幂法则分析判定牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫及整个种群(成虫和若虫)在棉田的空间分布型,并利用种群聚集均数分析聚集原因。结果表明,牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫及整个种群的久野指数C_A0、负二项分布参数k0、丛生指数I0、聚块指数m*/~-1,表明三者在新疆棉田均呈聚集分布。且牧草盲蝽成虫和若虫的Blackith聚集均数λ2,说明二者在棉田的聚集是由环境因素引起的。Iwao m*-m回归分析结果表明,牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫和整个种群个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分为个体群(α0、β1);Taylor幂法则分析结果表明,牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫和整个种群在棉田更趋向于聚集分布,聚集度依赖于密度。     

伊犁地区马肉嫩度的测定与分析

[目的]对伊犁地区不同年龄、不同性别及不同部位的马肉嫩度进行测定,比较不同年龄段、不同性别及不同部位马肉嫩度的差异性,为马肉食用品质指标提供数据参考.[方法]选择3岁、4·7岁和8岁及以上三个年龄阶段的马匹为对象,屠宰后取前腿、背部和后腿的肌肉为试验材料.用C-LM3型数显式肌肉嫩度仪对马肉的剪切力进行测定.[结果]在不同年龄段中,3岁马肉的剪切力值最小,为4.49 kg.f.4·7岁与8岁及以上马肉剪切力值差异不显著(P＞0.05),与3岁马肉嫩度差异显著(P＜0.05).雌性马肉剪切力值较雄性马肉剪切力值小,肉质较嫩.不同部位间,背部肌肉剪切力值最小为5.68 kg.f,前腿部和后腿部剪切力值分别为6.10和6.13 kg.f,但三个部位差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]年龄越小其肌肉剪切力值越小,肉质越嫩,但同时也会受其他因素影响;母畜肉较公畜肉质更细腻,嫩度稍高;前腿部和后腿部肌肉因运动量大,其肌肉有致密的结缔组织支持,故其嫩度较背部肌肉低.     

无花果的桑天牛防治初步研究

桑天牛Apriona germari（Hope）在上海地区无花果果园中为害较严重,被害株率达89％;经2种农药的防治试验,均有较好的杀虫效果。