High expression of Axl promotes clinical progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

AIM: To explore the expression and significance of receptor tyrosine kinase anexelekto (Axl) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Axl protein expression of 78 patients with NPC and 32 patients with nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation (NPI). The correlations between the Axl protein levels and the clinical parameters of NPC patients were analyzed. NPC cells were cultured in vitro, and the expression of Axl in well differentiated CNE1 cells, poorly-differentiated CNE2Z cells and undifferentiated C666-1 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. After treatment of the CNE1and C666-1 cells with Axl specific inhibitor TP-0903, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was adopted to analyze the cell cycle distribution, qPCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of Axl and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of Axl and p-Axl. RESULTS: Axl protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The rate of high expression of Axl in NPC was significantly higher than that in NPI (P<0.01). High Axl expression showed no correlations with NPC patients' age, gender and M stage, while positively correlated with the clinical stage, T stage and N stage (P<0.05). Axl protein showed a low level in the CNE1 cells, but showed a high level in CNE2Z and C666-1 cells. TP-0903 inhibited cell viability in concentration and time dependent manners. TP-0903 at 2 nmol/L showed significant inhibitory effects, as evidenced by arresting the cell cycle at G₀ phase and reducing Axl activity and PCNA expression. CONCLUSION: High expression of Axl promotes the clinical progress of NPC.TP-0903 significantly inhibits the viability of NPC cells, suggesting that Axl may be a valuable target in the NPC treatment.     

四种野生植物对天津盐碱地土壤改良效果的研究

选择天津市蓟县、西青和大港的荒地土壤和耐盐碱的4种野生植物(猪毛菜、草木樨、艾蒿和补血草)进行盆栽试验.植株生长5个月后,测定土壤的各项理化指标.结果显示:4种植物均大大降低土壤总盐量,猪毛菜可以不同程度地降低土壤中CO23-、SO24-和有效磷;补血草对降低土壤SO24-和水溶性钙较有效;草木樨和艾篙可以明显增加土壤有效氮含量.综合分析表明,这4种野生耐盐植物对改良盐碱地土壤效果明显.     

基于地形梯度的冀西北山地丘陵区土地利用格局变化分析——以河北省怀来县为例

为研究山地丘陵地区土地利用格局在地形差异上的演变规律,明确自然和人文因素在土地利用变化中的作用,基于RS和ArcGIS空间分析技术,利用地形位指数和分布指数,研究了河北省怀来县1993—2013年土地利用变化在地形差异上的时空分异特征。结果表明:六种土地利用类型空间分布及其变化均受到地形因子的影响和制约。水域的优势位主要分布在高程为300~500m、坡度0°~6°以及地形位级别为二级的区域;建设用地和耕地多分布于高程为500~700m、坡度0°~6°以及地形位级别为一级的区域;园地的地形适应性强于耕地,其分布的区域相对于耕地更加广泛,林地和未利用地则主要分布于高程900 m以上、坡度6°以上的区域,林地在地形位较高的级别更有优势。该文为今后怀来县土地资源的合理利用和科学规划提供依据与指导。     

鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究

从生态系统服务功能的概念入手,根据调查和研究,采用替代工程、市场价值等方法,从2个方面评价了鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能的价值.结果表明,面积3000hm2的鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统的生态服务功能价值70548.6万元·a-1,其中涵养水源价值8593.9万元·a-1,净化水质价值1265.3万元·a-1,保持土壤价值57754.1万元·a-1,固碳制氧价值2114.2万元·a-1,净化环境价值(吸收SO2量)26.1万元·a-1,游憩价值550万元·a-1,林产品价值245万元·a-1.     

鸡公山自然保护区森林植被生物量及活碳蓄积量研究

运用鸡公山科学考察资料及1999年森林资源清查资料,采用森林材积源生物量推算方法研究了鸡公山森林植被生物量及其活碳蓄积量。结果表明:鸡公山森林植被生物量总值为309 202t,平均森林植被生物量为111.7t／hm2,高于全国平均水平(77.4t／hm2);鸡公山森林植被的总活碳蓄积量为154 601t,平均活碳密度为56MgC／hm2,高于中国森林植被活碳密度的平均水平(38.7 MgC／hm2),但低于全球平均碳密度(86MgC／hm2)。不同林型活碳蓄积密度分析结果表明,马尾松、杉木和栎类林木的活碳蓄积密度分别为30MgC／hm2,39 MgC／hm2和70MgC／hm2,均高于全国同类型森林植物的活碳蓄积密度的平均值,而次生阔叶混交林的碳蓄积密度略低于全国平均水平。鸡公山自然保护区67％的森林为中龄林,27％的森林为幼龄林,在增加碳蓄积方面还有巨大的潜力。     

不同作物种植模式对新垦农田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

利用Biolog-ECO技术对新垦农田不同作物种植模式下土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行了研究。结果表明:不同作物种植模式对新垦农田土壤微生物群落功能多样性均有很大影响。与6年连作小麦相比较,头3年连种大蒜再轮作小麦的土壤微生物对全部碳源的利用能力最强,生理代谢活性最高,在0~144h内其平均颜色变化率(AWCD)变化最显著,土壤微生物群落优势度、多样性指数及均匀度也相对较高,说明该种作物种植模式对土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性影响最大,可有效改善土壤贫瘠状况。     

提高普通高校乒乓球专项课教学质量的体会与探索

根据乒乓球专项课的教学目的与任务以及多年的乒乓球训练与教学体会,提出了因材施教,分层次教学;发挥大学生智力优势促进教学;加强乒乓球基本动作和全面技术的练习与教学;加强乒乓球的教学比赛;加强乒乓球意识的培养以及加强课下练习和辅导的教学理念。使学生通过一年或两年的学习,掌握乒乓球基本技术,学会基本战术,了解乒乓球的理论知识以及比赛规则;调节身心,锻炼身体,培养学生对乒乓球运动的兴趣,为终身体育服务。     

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.     

The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus on wool

SUMMARY Five Suffolk sheep, held in a high-security isolation room, were exposed for 2 hours to the aerosol of 3 mature pigs that had been infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), strain O₁-BFS. The fleeces of 3 of the sheep were contaminated with FMDV at 2 days post exposure (dpe), while at 5 dpe the fleeces of all 5 sheep were more extensively, and more heavily, contaminated. The persistence of FMDV on contaminated wool was examined in vitro using multiple 0.5 g samples of Merino wool that were each contaminated with one of 3 strains of FMDV in tissue-culture medium: O₁-BFS, O-Morocco (O-MOR 9/91) or an Asia 1 strain (TAI 1/90). Wool samples were held at either 4°C, 18°C or 37°C, and decay curves were established for each virus at each temperature. These curves predicted that O₁-BFS, O-MOR 9/91 and TAI 1/90 would fall below detect-able levels at 72, 70 and 48 days post contamination (pc), respectively, for wool stored at 4°C; at 11, 12 and 12 days pc, respectively, for wool stored at 18°C; and at 57, 68 and 33 hours pc, respectively, for wool stored at 37°C. For wool contaminated with O₁-BFS-infected sheep faeces, urine or blood, or with O₁-BFS-infected cattle saliva, decay curves predicted virus to persist for 5 to 11 days pc at 18°C. We demonstrated that the simulated scouring of FMDV-contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would usually reduce virus to below detectable levels. The detergent component of the scouring process had little, if any, antiviral activity, and scouring at 20°C or 50°C had limited impact on FMDV titres . We recommend that either (1) simple storage of FMDV-contaminated wool for 4 weeks at temperatures of 18°C or higher, or (2) scouring of contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would be sufficient to remove the threat of FMDV-contaminated wool being infectious to other animals .     

通辽市果树调查报告

通辽市现有果树总面积１．２４２９万ｈｍ＾２,已结果的占５５％,以苹果和梨占绝对优势。在树种和品种结构及管理上,都存在一些问题,本文对此进行阐述,提出了改进意见。