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排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Takuma Sugaya Michihiro Sato Emi Yokoyama Yuta Nemoto Tomonari Fujita Hiroyuki Okouchi Katsuyuki Hamasaki Shuichi Kitada 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(3):579-588
ABSTRACT: The genetic diversity of wild and hatchery-released Pacific herring Clupea pallasii collected from three brackish lakes and two bays in Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan was examined with five microsatellite loci. All loci showed high genetic variability with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.815 to 0.945. Significant differences in genotypic and allelic distributions were detected among all locations except for between the two bays in Honshu Island. Pairwise population analysis based on the F ST values showed close genetic relationships among the locations in Hokkaido Island, and the hierarchical analyses of molecular variance showed significant genetic difference between the two islands. Those results suggest the existence of subpopulations due to natal homing. In addition, stocked fish showed as much genetic diversity as the wild fish. The pairwise population analyses also showed close relationships between the hatchery fish and the wild fish in respective stocking areas, showing that no effects of stocking programs on genetic diversity of wild populations were detected. 相似文献
62.
Yamano S Uechi M Tanaka K Hori Y Ebisawa T Harada K Mizukoshi T 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(4):408-412
Objective: To describe surgical repair of a complete endocardial cushion defect (ECD) in a dog. Study Design: Clinical report. Animal: A 5‐month‐old, 9.2 kg male Shetland sheepdog. Methods: Echocardiographic examination revealed an ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD), an inlet ventricular septal defect (VSD), mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and a complete ECD was diagnosed. Surgical correction was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) via right atriotomy. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch was secured along the margin of the inlet VSD using simple continuous suture, then the cleft in the septal mitral leaflet was sutured. Similarly, the cleft in the septal tricuspid leaflets was sutured. To complete inlet VSD closure, the VSD patch was secured to these sutured leaflets by simple continuous suture. Another PTFE patch was used to close the ostium primum ASD. Result: After surgery, MR, TR, and interventricular shunting were decreased. The dog was alive 6 years and 5 months after the surgery with no evidence of an interventricular shunt, TR, or other clinical signs. Conclusions: Complete ECD in a dog was corrected using a 2‐patch technique under CPB. 相似文献
63.
Keitaro Yamanouchi Katsuyuki Nakamura Yuki Takegahara Shin‐ichi Nakano Masugi Nishihara 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(11):757-763
Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is observed in some skeletal muscle pathologies. IMAT is implicated not only in the disorders of muscle contraction, but also of metabolism and insulin sensitivity due to its nature as a secretary organ. Several studies indicate the presence of cells with adipogenic potential in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanism of fate specification that triggers these cells to enter an adipogenic program in vivo remains to be solved. In the present study, we examined whether activation of the adipogenic program of muscle‐resident cells precedes their proliferation upon muscle injury. For this purpose, muscle injury was induced by injecting bupivacaine (BPVC) to excised skeletal muscle ex vivo. Cells isolated from ex vivo BPVC‐treated muscle exhibited higher adipogenic potential than those from saline‐treated muscle. Pre‐plating exposure of skeletal muscle cells to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mimicked the effect of ex vivo BPVC‐treatment, suggesting that bFGF released from extracellular matrix in response to muscle injury activates their adipogenic program. Interestingly, the number of myotubes were significantly reduced in the culture from BPVC‐treated muscle, suggesting that adipocytes negatively regulate myogenesis. 相似文献
64.
Katsuyuki MINAMI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(5):603-615
Soil is closely connected to the culture and civilization of an ethnic group living in a given place, including their religion, thoughts, livelihood and health. It is important for people to protect the soil, their agriculture and the environment because the collapse of soil leads to the collapse of human culture, civilization, livelihood and health. The links between the soil and culture, civilization, livelihood and health may result from the ethical attitudes people have about the soil and that they demonstrate through their interactions with it. However, soil resources have been overexploited in modern society and are currently on the verge of collapsing. In this review article, the etymology of words for soil, the place of soil in philosophy and religion, the relationships between soil and the soul, the soil and dialects, and cultural soil science are discussed. The powerful influences of soil on civilization and livelihood are discussed and the relationship between soil and human beings is also considered. Soil can be shown to be a living thing, and this review will present a brief history of the relationship between soil and human health, and will discuss the importance of adopting an ethical attitude towards soil. 相似文献
65.
Yoshio MINAMI Minako KAWAI Taiko C. MIGITA Atsushi HIRAGA Hirofumi MIYATA 《Journal of Equine Science》2011,22(2):21-28
Although high oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle may result in severe oxidative
stress, there are no direct studies that have documented free radical production in horse
muscles after intensive exercise. To find a new parameter indicating the muscle adaptation
state for the training of Thoroughbred horses, we examined free radical formation in the
muscle by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Ten male Thoroughbred horses
received conventional training for 18 weeks. Before and after the training period, all
horses performed an exhaustive incremental load exercise on a 6% incline treadmill. Muscle
samples of the middle gluteal muscle were taken pre-exercise and 1 min, 1 hr, and 1 day
after exercise. Muscle fiber type composition was also determined in the pre-exercise
samples by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. We
measured the free radical in the muscle homogenate using EPR at room temperature, and the
amount was expressed as relative EPR signal intensity. There was a significant increase in
Type IIA muscle fiber composition and a decrease in Type IIX fiber composition after the
training period. Before the training period, the mean value of the relative EPR signal
intensity showed a significant increase over the pre-exercise value at 1 min after the
exercise and an incomplete recovery at 24 hr after the exercise. While no significant
changes were found in the relative EPR signal intensity after the training period. There
was a significant relationship between percentages of Type IIA fiber and change rates in
EPR signal intensity at 1 min after exercise. The measurement of free radicals may be
useful for determining the muscle adaptation state in the training of Thoroughbred
horses. 相似文献
66.
Kenji Fukunaga Katsuyuki Ichitani Makoto Kawase 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(6):825-830
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer length polymorphism was studied in foxtail millet (Setaria italica ssp. italica) landraces from Pakistan and Afghanistan and in its wild ancestor (S. italica ssp. viridis) from Pakistan by PCR-based methods. Sequence polymorphism was also investigated for accessions selected based on the observed
length polymorphism. The PCR-based length polymorphism and sequence polymorphism of rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) clearly demonstrated
genetic differentiation between cultivated and wild forms in the region. Genetic differentiation was observed between different
areas to some extent in the cultivated form, and between different regions in the wild form of northern Pakistan. Based on
the results, we discuss the genetic differentiation of foxtail millet and wild ancestor in this region and possible utility
of rDNA markers to trace the dispersal of this crop in the region. 相似文献
67.
ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) on the survival and the occurrence of molting failure to megalops of mud crab Scylla serrata larvae fed enriched Artemia . Survival rate, intermolt period, carapace width at the first crab stage, ratio of chela to carapace length at the fifth zoeal stage and the occurrence of molting failure to megalops were observed. Mud crab larvae were reared in 1-L plastic beakers and fed with Artemia enriched at five different levels of EPA (0.31% to 1.36% EPA; referred to as E25, E50, E75 and E100) or four different levels of DHA (0.75–0.95% EPA and 0.49–1.38% DHA; referred to as D25, D50, D75 and D100). As a negative control, larvae were fed Artemia enriched with oleic acid (OA). Mud crab larvae fed Artemia containing low (0.41–0.45% EPA and trace DHA) or high (1.36% and 0.95% EPA and 0.16% and 1.38% DHA) amounts of EPA and DHA showed a significantly lower survival rate and prolonged intermolt period ( P < 0.05). Moreover, a high frequency of molting failure to the megalops stage (34 and 33%) occurs coincident with a high chela to carapace length ratio (43 and 44%) in mud crab larvae fed high amounts of EPA and DHA (E100 and D100), suggesting that both of these treatments contain EPA and DHA in excess. These results indicate that during Artemia feeding, EPA and DHA content should be adjusted to 0.71–0.87% and 0.49–0.72% for maintaining a high survival, accelerating the intermolt period, and producing larger carapace width in the first crab stage. 相似文献
68.
New canine parvovirus 2a infection in an imported Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) in Japan
Kenichi TAMUKAI Shohei MINAMI Sho KADEKARU Ikki MITSUI Ken MAEDA Yumi UNE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(3):507
Post-import from the Republic of Indonesia to Japan in 2017, two juvenile, captive bred Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis, and died. One of them was examined postmortem. Microscopically, the small intestinal mucosa was necrotic with crypts lined by regenerating large epithelial cells. A gastric cardiac mucosal ulcerative lesion containing fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae morphologically indicated Candida spp. The lymph nodes exhibited marked lymphoid depletion. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was isolated from an oral swab, and virus protein 2 (VP2) gene sequencing revealed new CPV-2a. To our knowledge, this is the first new CPV-2a infection report in Asian small-clawed otters. This infection should be considered in gastrointestinal symptom-related cases in this species. 相似文献
69.
Masahiro Sotowa Kenta Ootsuka Yuu Kobayashi Yin Hao Katsunori Tanaka Katsuyuki Ichitani Jonathan M Flowers Michael D Purugganan Ikuo Nakamura Yo-Ichiro Sato Tadashi Sato Darren Crayn Bryan Simon Daniel LE Waters Robert J Henry Ryuji Ishikawa 《Rice》2013,6(1):26
Background
The perennial, Oryza rufipogon distributed from Asia to Australia and the annual O. meridionalis indigenous to Australia are AA genome species in the Oryza. However, recent research has demonstrated that the Australian AA genome perennial populations have maternal genomes more closely related to those of O. meridionalis than to those found in Asian populations of O. rufipogon suggesting that the Australian perennials may represent a new distinct gene pool for rice.Results
Analysis of an Oryza core collection covering AA genome species from Asia to Oceania revealed that some Oceania perennials had organellar genomes closely related to that of O meridionalis (meridionalis-type). O. rufipogon accessions from New Guinea carried either the meridionalis-type or rufirpogon-type (like O. rufipogon) organellar genomes. Australian perennials carried only the meridionalis-type organellar genomes when accompanied by the rufipogon-type nuclear genome. New accessions were collected to better characterize the Australian perennials, and their life histories (annual or perennial) were confirmed by field observations. All of the material collected carried only meridionalis-type organellar genomes. However, there were two distinct perennial groups. One of them carried an rufipogon-type nuclear genome similar to the Australian O. rufipogon in the core collection and the other carried an meridionalis-type nuclear genome not represented in the existing collection. Morphologically the rufipogon-type shared similarity with Asian O. rufipogon. The meridionalis-type showed some similarities to O. meridionalis such as the short anthers usually characteristic of annual populations. However, the meridionalis-type perennial was readily distinguished from O. meridionalis by the presence of a larger lemma and higher number of spikelets.Conclusion
Analysis of current accessions clearly indicated that there are two distinct types of Australian perennials. Both of them differed genetically from Asian O. rufipogon. One lineage is closely related to O. meridionalis and another to Asian O. rufipogon. The first was presumed to have evolved by divergence from O. meridionalis becoming differentiated as a perennial species in Australia indicating that it represents a new gene pool. The second, apparently derived from Asian O. rufipogon, possibly arrived in Australia later. 相似文献70.
Kobayashi R Yamano S Tanaka K Kamiie J Shirota K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(10):1347-1349
A 10-month-old cat was diagnosed with congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis. To resolve its hypoxia, oxygen therapy was administered a couple of times a week during two months. The oxygen partial pressure in the chamber was maintained between 30 and 35%, and the time for one procedure was 12-24 hr. The animal died due to severe respiratory failure. At necropsy, the lungs were voluminous and had a rubbery texture. Histologically, large type II pneumocytes with occasional atypia had diffusely proliferated within the lungs. Interstitial fibrosis was not observed, although some alveolar septa were thickened along with fibrinous exudates and neutrophilic infiltration. The histology of these lesions was consistent with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), which might have been partially due to oxygen toxicity. 相似文献