大麦籽粒β-淀粉酶活性的棱型效应和灌浆期间的动态研究

测定了不同棱型的188个大麦品种的籽粒β-淀粉酶活性和蛋白质含量,分析比较不同棱型间β-淀粉酶活性的差异,并观察了籽粒灌浆期间β-淀粉酶活性的动态.结果表明,同一棱型的品种间籽粒β-淀粉酶活性均存在较大变异,六棱大麦变异系数最大.多数大麦品种的β-淀粉酶活性变动在500～1500U/g之间,二棱大麦的平均值明显高于四棱和六棱大麦.β-淀粉酶活性与籽粒蛋白质含量之间,二棱大麦品种存在极显著的正相关,而四棱和六棱大麦品种的相关不显著.筛选到8个β-淀粉酶活性高于1500 U/g且籽粒蛋白质含量低于11.5%的二棱型大麦品种.β-淀粉酶活性在籽粒灌浆前期和后期增加幅度明显高于中期,最高值出现在成熟期,与单位籽粒蛋白质积累量呈显著正相关.     

白粉病菌初生芽管对小麦诱导抗性的细胞学研究

利用多种细胞学方法对不同抗病性小麦白粉菌初生芽管的侵染行为及寄主细胞的诱导抗性进行了研究。结果表明，病菌初生芽管可诱导单个寄主细胞，产生比大麦和燕麦更为强烈的抗性，足以抵制后来附着胞的入侵，且这种诱导抗性还可向相邻细胞传递；在超微结构上，诱导抗性表现为寄主乳突反应能力增强，寄主细胞能够在附着胞入侵位点下，产生比高乳突抗性品种结构更为精致和坚硬的半圆形乳突，令附着胞入侵栓无法穿入。此外，本文还对诱导抗性的利用问题进行了讨论。     

密度和氮肥互作对单粒精播花生SPAD值、植株和产量性状的影响

本研究旨在探讨单粒精播花生生理性状和产量性状对密度和氮肥的响应。选择山东省烟台市招远鲁东丘陵地,作物两年三熟。2018和2019年,以出口大花生品种花育22为试验材料进行大田试验,设置了3个种植密度（12万、20万、28万株/hm²,分别表示为D1、D2和D3）和4个施氮量（0、50、115、180 kg/hm²,分别表示为N0、N50、N115、N180）,于不同生育时期调查分析花生SPAD值、植株和产量性状。研究结果表明,种植密度和施氮量均显著影响花生叶绿素含量、干物质量、植株性状和产量性状,且两者互作效应显著。在D2密度条件下,花生荚果产量较D1密度和D3密度分别高24.31%～45.04%和10.57%～15.13%,成熟期叶绿素含量分别高3.70%～27.82%和6.10%～18.94%,成熟期干物质量分别高7.31%～32.34%和10.65%～34.59%,且差异性均达到了显著水平。在D2密度下,施氮量在50～180 kg/hm²范围内,花生荚果产量、叶绿素含量和干物质量均显著高于无氮处理,各施氮处理表现为N115 > N180 > N50 > N0,以施氮量为115 kg/hm²时花生荚果产量最大,较N50和N180处理分别提高了6.83%和3.90%,叶绿素含量、干物质量和植株性状也协同提高。综合考虑生理性状、产量性状等因素,在本试验条件下,单粒精播花生栽培在低密度12万株/hm²下,花生主要产量性状随着施氮量的增加而增加,以种植密度为20万株/hm²,施氮量为115 kg/hm²较为适宜。     

不同载体菌肥对刺槐光合特性及土壤养分、细菌群落的影响

为探究接种粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens N1.14）X-45和不同载体基质固态发酵制备而成的菌肥的应用效果,并以此为结果筛选出可有效替代珍稀资源泥炭发挥肥效的载体,本研究设置7个处理：未施肥对照组（CK）、泥炭对照组（T0）、秸秆组（T1）、麦麸组（T2）、秸秆∶麦麸=1∶1组（T3）、秸秆∶麦麸∶棉籽壳=1∶1∶1组（T4）、秸秆∶麦麸∶豆饼=1∶1∶1组（T5）,通过盆栽试验测定不同菌肥施用下刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia L.）的光合特性参数和土壤养分含量,采集效果较好菌肥处理下的根际土样本进行16S rDNA高通量测序。结果表明,与泥炭对照相比,除单一载体秸秆外,其余载体处理均可不同程度地改善刺槐光合特性及土壤营养环境,其中以T3、T4应用效果最显著,光合特性参数和土壤养分含量提升明显。基于16S rDNA高通量测序的刺槐根际土微生物多样性结果显示,菌肥的施入可显著改善土壤菌群结构和组成,提升益生菌群Actinomadura和Mesorhizobium的相对丰度,同时其丰度与水解氮、有效磷含量呈正相关,与pH值、速效钾含量呈负相关,即土壤...     

丹皮酚对植物病原真菌的体外抑制作用

为揭示丹皮酚在牡丹体内的抗菌机制,采用生长速率法测定了丹皮酚对供试病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用;用涂布平板法测定了丹皮酚对供试病菌孢子萌发及形成的影响。结果表明,丹皮酚含量与病菌菌落直径线性增长及菌丝生物学产量的相对抑制率呈正相关,在丹皮酚含量0.08、0.4mg/mL培养液中培养禾谷丝核菌和茄病镰刀菌5天,对菌丝干重的抑制率分别为79.81%和55.08%。丹皮酚对供试病菌的孢子萌发无作用,但孢子萌发后,其芽管基部膨大、顶端膨大及中间局部膨大。丹皮酚推迟病菌分生孢子梗的形成时间,降低分生孢子的形成数量,在0.20、0.24mg/mLPSA培养基上培养玉蜀黍赤霉和茄病镰刀菌10天,对分生孢子形成的抑制率分别为100%和33.33%。     

Preparation of nano disperse dyes from nanoemulsions and their dyeing properties on ultramicrofiber polyester

Six nano disperse dyes were prepared using corresponding O/W nanoemulsions which were obtained with sodium laurylsulphate and caprylic triglyceride. The average particle size of the dyes prepared were in the range of 110–130 nm. Exhaust dyeing using nano dyes resulted in low exhaustion yields of 17–26 % on regular polyester fiber and 28–38 % on ultramicrofiber polyester. The observed low exhaustion yields of nano disperse dye can be explained by the solubilization of dye particles into surfactant micelles as well as the high stability of the nanoemulsions, these might reduce the capacity of dye uptake onto the fibers. However, higher K/S values of dyeings with nano dyes on ultramicrofiber sites compared to those on regular polyester sites suggested their potential to be more efficient dyes for finer denier microfiber polyesters.     

Dimensional stability of single jersey fabrics of LincLITE® and conventional yarns. I

Dimensional constants (k values) of single jersey fabrics made from LincLITE® and conventional yarns are calculated under dry, steam, full relaxation treatments. Fabrics were made under different tightness factors such as high, medium and low with different twist factors, twist directions and feeder blending. LincLITE® yarns made to get soft and bulkier effects with yarn count of 39 tex and conventional yarns made into 39 tex and 48 tex yarn counts. Various effects on K values are analysed using correlation coefficients. K-values are increased with relaxation progression and have shown some differences between in LincLITE® and conventional fabrics, and feeder blended fabrics. Loop shape factor is highly affected by tightness factor, relaxation and feeder blending in LincLITE® fabrics, whereas twist factor not significantly effects on loop shape factor in conventional fabrics. Stitch density significantly increases with relaxation in conventional fabrics and no significant effect shows with LincLITE® fabrics.     

Characterization and antibacterial properties of Ag NPs doped nylon 6 tree-like nanofiber membrane prepared by one-step electrospinning

A hierarchically Ag/nylon 6 tree-like nanofiber membrane (Ag/PA6 TLNM) was fabricated by adding tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) into spinning solution via one-step electrospinning. TBAC presented in PA6/formic acid (HCOOH) spinning solution was able to cause the formation of a tree-like structure due to its space steric structure and the increasing of solution conductivity. Electrospinning solvent acted as a reducing agent for in situ conversion of AgNO₃ into silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) during the solution preparation. SEM, TEM, FT-IR XPS and XRD confirmed that Ag NPs were doped in the prepared nanofiber membrane successfully and the mechanical properties, pore size distribution and hydrophilicity of the membranes were investigated. The results showed that the tree-like structure improved the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of the membrane while ensuring high specific surface area and small pore size. And the Ag/PA6 TLNM showed superior antibacterial properties against both E. coli and S. aureus compared with common Ag/PA6 nanofiber membranes (Ag/PA6 NMs). All of the results show that the Ag/PA6 TLNM would have potential applications in water purification.     

黑麦草颗粒饲料对扬州鹅生产性能与器官生长的影响

【目的】研究黑麦草粉颗粒饲料对扬州鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和器官的影响。【方法】选择体质量相近(出壳时间和体质量基本一致)、健康的扬州鹅300只,将其随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组共5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,分别饲喂黑麦草粉添加量(质量分数)依次为0(CK),12%,16%,20%和24%的日粮21d后,测定试鹅的各项生长性能和屠宰性能指标。【结果】Ⅱ和Ⅲ组试验终末体质量、平均日采食量和平均日增质量显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料质量比低于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组宰前活质量、屠体质量、半净膛质量、全净膛质量、腿肌质量、腿肌率、胫骨质量和胸肌质量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组的腹脂质量最低,各处理组之间的屠体率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率和胸肌率差异不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的肝质量、腺胃质量和胸腺质量显著高于对照组(P0.05),而试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的肌胃质量和胰腺质量显著高于对照组(P0.05),各试验组的心质量均高于对照组,但各试验组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。试验Ⅲ组的空肠、盲肠、回肠长度以及肠道总长均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】添加不同水平的黑麦草粉颗粒饲料均能够在一定程度上提高扬州鹅的生长性能和屠宰性能,促进肠道生长,且以添加量为20%时效果最好。     

基于ISSR分子标记的新疆欧洲李亲缘关系分析（英文）

[目的]探究不同新疆欧洲李种质类型间的亲缘关系。[方法]运用ISSR分子标记对5个类型共30个单株的新疆欧洲李种质资源进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。[结果]筛选获得的16条引物共扩增出317条带,其中有多态性条带246条,占扩增总数的77.60%。供试单株的Nei’s遗传多样性指数(H)为0.266 6,平均Shannon信息多样性指数(I)为0.399 1,遗传相似系数多在0.555 2~0.996 8之间,表明新疆欧洲李资源具有一定的遗传多样性。聚类分析显示,在遗传相似系数0.719处30株供试欧洲李被划分为3个大组,国外引进欧洲李品种一组、塔城酸梅和塔城槟子一组、伽师酸梅和野生欧洲李一组,而在相似系数0.949处,伽师酸梅和野生欧洲李又分为两个小组。[结论]伽师酸梅与野生欧洲李的亲缘关系很近,国外引进欧洲李品种与塔城酸梅及塔城槟子的亲缘关系较近。