圆柱水射流中的能量分布与统计特征

在13,15,17 MPa压力下,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对自由圆柱水射流的轴向速度、轴向脉动速度和液滴粒径进行测量,对通过射流场中不同位置测量体的单个液滴特征进行统计分析,以获得单个液滴的轴向速度和对应的液滴数的相关特征,进而分析射流束中的能量分布.研究结果表明：在相同压力条件下,不同轴向截面上的轴向速度分布呈现一定的相似性,截面边缘处的轴向速度梯度较大;截面边缘处的轴向脉动速度较大,且随射流压力增加,轴向脉动速度增大.对位于中间点的测量体,具有较高速度的液滴占据绝大多数;对边缘处的测量体,液滴速度谱较宽.在不同轴向截面上,随射流压力的变化,对应位置的统计关系变化规律不同.在设定的第1采样时段内,在各中心点处测量体内采集到的有效液滴数相差不大.但穿越边缘点测量体的有效液滴数随射流压力和截面位置的变化极不规则.     

农田轻便土壤悬虚镇压器的研制与应用

针对目前旋耕机大面积应用造成的农作物播前或播后土壤悬虚现状,提出了农田轻便土壤悬虚镇压器研制的指导思想。研制出的镇压器主要包括牵引装置、轴承、压辊装置3部分,可满足不同农田所需镇压深度的要求,并对其提出了合理的工作参数。该机具克服了以住镇压辊质量固定、携带不便等缺点,灵活轻便、无需配套动力、生产和作业成本低、作业效率高,经不同农田镇压效果良好。     

Phenolic acids are in vivo atheroprotective compounds appearing in the serum of rats after blueberry consumption

Blueberries (BB) have recently been shown to have cardioprotective effects and to prevent atherosclerosis in rodent models. However, the bioactive compounds in BB responsible for these effects have not yet been characterized. Seven phenolic acids (7PA) were identified as metabolites in the serum of rats fed diets supplemented with 10% freeze-dried BB. In this study, 7PA were evaluated for their potential atheroprotective effects in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. 7PA were found to inhibit LPS-induced mRNA expression and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 by reducing MAPK JNK, p38, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. After treatment with 7PA for 2 weeks, mRNA expression and protein levels of scavenger receptor CD36 were decreased (P<0.05), whereas type A scavenger receptor (SR-A) remained unchanged. Moreover, foam cell formation induced by oxLDL and oxLDL binding to macrophages was also inhibited by 7PA. In addition, 7PA increased (P<0.05) expression and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which facilitates cholesterol efflux and reduces cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. In summary, the present study demonstrates that certain phenolic acids are potential in vivo atheroprotective compounds following BB consumption in the rodent model. Because BB contain many phytochemicals, other as yet unidentified bioactive compounds may also be important in preventing atherosclerosis in this model and, possibly, in humans.     

Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor-bearing mice

We investigated antitumor effects of the following four extracts of freeze-dried Hericium erinaceus mushrooms in Balb/c mice intracutaneously transplanted on the backs with CT-26 colon cancer cells: HWE, hot water extraction by boiling in water for 3 h; MWE, microwaving in 50% ethanol/water at 60 W for 3 min; and ACE and AKE, boiling in 1% HCl or 3% NaOH for 2 h. HWE and MWE with a higher content of β-glucans, determined by an assay kit, than ACE and MKE were active in all bioassays. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses showed the presence of 40, 27, 16, and 13 compounds, respectively, in the four extracts. Daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections of HWE and MWE for 2 weeks significantly reduced tumor weights by 38 and 41%. Tumor regressions were associated with changes in the following cancer biomarkers as compared to phosphate buffer (PBS)-treated control mice: 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases in cytolytic activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells; restored nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages to 95-98% of normal levels; ～2-fold increase in released pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 from macrophages; and ～56 and ～60% reductions in the number of blood vessels inside the tumor. The pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were also significantly reduced in mRNA and protein expression by tumor genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of tumor cells confirmed reduced expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX (32 and 31%). Reduced COX-2 and 5-LOX expression down-regulated VEGF expression, resulting in inhibition of neo-angiogenesis inside the tumors. The results indicate that induction of NK activity, activation of macrophages, and inhibition of angiogenesis all contribute to the mechanism of reduction of tumor size.     

Association between the body weight of growing pigs and the functional capacity of their gut microbiota

Gastrointestinal microbiota impact host's biological activities, including digestion of indigestible feed components, energy harvest, and immunity. In this study, fecal microbiota of high body weight (HW) and low body weight (LW) growing pigs at 103 days of age were compared. Principal coordinates analysis separated the HW and LW groups into two clusters, indicating their potential differences between microbial community composition. Although the abundances of two major phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not significantly differ between the HW and LW groups, some genera showed significant differences. Among them, Peptococcus and Eubacterium exhibited strong positive correlations with body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (Rho > 0.40), whereas Treponema, Desulfovibrio, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified exhibited strong negative correlations with BW and ADG (Rho < ?0.40). Based on these results, the structure of intestinal microbiota may affect growth traits in pigs through host–microbe interactions. Further in‐depth studies will provide insights into how best to reshape host–microbe interactions in pigs and other animals as well.     

芒柄花素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨芒柄花素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。将100只昆明种小鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组、免疫抑制组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组20只（雌雄各半）,采用灌胃法给药。试验期28 d,试验1~7 d,对照组小鼠灌胃0.6 mL生理盐水,其余各组小鼠均灌胃0.6 mL 40 μg/g体重环磷酰胺（CTX）;试验8~21 d,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠分别灌胃0.6 mL 50、150、250 μg/g体重芒柄花素溶液,空白对照组与免疫抑制组灌胃0.6 mL生理盐水。试验结束后,测定小鼠脏器指数（胸腺、脾脏）、血清溶血素及IL-2、IL-4含量。采用免疫组化法检测小鼠胸腺、脾脏CD3和CD20阳性淋巴细胞,肝脏CD68阳性KCs细胞。结果表明,环磷酰胺可成功复制小鼠免疫抑制模型。不同剂量芒柄花素均能提高免疫抑制小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数、血清溶血素及血清IL-2和IL-4含量,尤其当芒柄花素灌胃剂量为150 μg/g体重时效果最为明显,与免疫抑制组差异极显著（P<0.01）。免疫组化分析结果显示,不同剂量芒柄花素均可提高免疫抑制小鼠胸腺和脾脏CD3阳性T淋巴细胞及CD20阳性B淋巴细胞数量,并促使肝脏CD68阳性KCs细胞增殖,也以试验Ⅱ组效果最显著,与免疫抑制组差异极显著（P<0.01）。综上,芒柄花素可促进小鼠相关淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子的释放,进而增强机体体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,并可明显促进肝脏固有吞噬细胞KCs增殖。     

基于MATLAB的挖坑机钻头转矩分析

通过 MATL AB语言 ,对挖坑机钻头转矩及发动机功率进行了计算 ,得出了钻头转矩、发动机功率与土壤特性及其进给量的关系曲线 ,并对曲线的变化趋势进行了分析     

新城疫病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为满足新城疫病毒高通量快速检测的需要,针对新城疫病毒M基因序列,通过基因比对分析保守区域,经同源性分析后,设计合成多条引物和探针并对其筛选,建立了一种能够快速检测新城疫病毒的实时荧光RTPCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏性进行了评估。结果显示,该方法检测耗时短、特异性好,检测下限达10~(-4) ng/μL。利用该方法,对480份临床采集的各类家禽咽拭子样品进行检测,共检测出25份阳性,与常规RT-PCR检测方法结果一致,κ值为1(P 0.001)。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,可用于新城疫病毒的快速检测。     

黄瓜种株留瓜数和瓜位对种子质量的影响

以在我国北方推广面积较大的中晚熟黄瓜品种“西农58号”为试材,研究了种株上留瓜数和种瓜着生部位对种子质数的影响,并对播种后幼苗生长情况进行了分析。结果认为:留瓜数和瓜位对种子质量和产量有明显的影响;建议在黄瓜原种繁殖时每株只留第二位一个瓜较好,而为大田生产制种时,每株留一,二位两个瓜较理想。     

不同添加剂及贮藏温度对发酵全混合日粮品质和真菌数量的影响

本试验旨在探究添加剂及贮藏温度对发酵全混合日粮（Fermented Total Mixed Rations,FTMR）的影响,为FTMR在生产实践中的应用提供科学依据。试验设置了布氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus buchneri,LB）、没食子酸（Gallic acid,GA）、果胶酶（Pectinase,PE）,共3个添加剂和对照组（CK）,4个不同的贮藏温度（10℃、20℃、30℃和40℃）,发酵7 d后取样。结果表明,随着贮藏温度的升高,各处理的pH值均显著降低,CK、LB和GA处理组的pH值于30℃达到最低,PE处理组于40℃达到最低（P<0.05）;随着贮藏温度的升高,各处理组中乙酸和丙酸的含量均显著升高（P<0.05）,其中乙酸的含量于30℃时达到最高,丙酸的含量于40℃时达到最高;添加PE后,FTMR的pH值在10℃、30℃和40℃下均显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。综上,贮藏温度为30℃和40℃时FTMR的发酵品质较好,当贮藏温度为10℃、30℃和40℃时添加果胶酶可以提高FTMR的发酵品质。