食品资源引进研究--海南产印度辣木的营养价值评价

通过对辣木菜宏量营养素、微量营养素和重金属等指标的分析,比较新的生态环境下辣木幕的营养成分变化,并评价了印度辣木菜的营养价值。结果表明印度辣木幕中主要成分蛋白质和脂肪含量高、β-胡萝卜素和维生素C高,矿物元素以钙、铁含量最高,重金属指标低于GB。印度辣木是1种营养价值非常高的新资源食品。     

茶(Camellia sinensis)蜂花粉及其蜂粮的营养成分研究

测定中国茶（Camellia sinensis)的新鲜蜂花粉，5d,10d,15d茶蜂粮中水解氨基酸的含量，茶蜂粮中平均含量为23．36％，比新鲜茶蜂花粉高0．26％，新鲜茶蜂花粉和混合（5－10d)茶蜂粮样品中游离氨基酸含量分别为1037．46mg/100g和801．75mg/100g，混合（5-10d)茶蜂粮和新鲜茶蜂花粉样品中维生素A，B1，B2，C，D，E的含量（mg/100g)分别是0．19，15，1．15，0．31，0．0156，10．2和0．79，0．09，2．74，1．20，0.0158,6.6，新鲜茶蜂花粉和混合茶蜂粮样品中软脂酸，硬脂酸，亚油酸，亚麻酸的含量分别为1．3％，0．2％，0．16％，2．5％和1．1％，1．0％，0．3％，1．0％，1d茶蜂粮中的过氧化氢酶，淀粉酶的活力比新鲜茶蜂花粉高，而过氧化物歧化酶的活力则比新鲜茶蜂花粉略低，随着酿制时间的延长，茶蜂粮中过氧化氢酶，过氧化物歧化酶的活力下降，而淀粉酶的活力增强。     

用酸碱滴定曲线拟合参数表征土壤对酸缓冲能力的新方法

以太湖地区3种对酸缓冲能力不同的水稻土(黄泥土、白土和乌泥土)为供试土壤,以不同pH值(pH为5.6,4.0,3.0,2.0)的模拟酸雨淋溶,研究模拟酸化条件下土壤酸碱缓冲能力的变化。根据酸碱滴定曲线,进行统计分析和数学拟合,提出以酸碱滴定曲线拟合方程的斜率表征土壤酸缓冲能力的新方法。结果表明,3种供试土壤酸碱的基础缓冲能力依次为黄泥土(β=3.25)、乌泥土(3.00)、白土(1.58);土壤酸碱滴定曲线在其突跃范围内,加酸的量与pH呈显著线性负相关;直线斜率b的绝对值用以定量土壤对酸碱缓冲能力,b的绝对值越大,土壤酸碱缓冲能力越差。K值用以定量说明土壤酸碱缓冲能力的变化,当K>100%时,K值越大,土壤酸缓冲能力降低越多;当K<100%时,K值越小,土壤酸碱缓冲能力增加越大;当K≈100%(≤±5%)时,可视为土壤酸碱缓冲能力无显著变化。因新方法的理论依据仍为酸碱滴定曲线的理论,所以仅适用于反应动力学上较快的阳离子交换反应,即土壤酸碱初级缓冲体系,不适用于原生矿物的风化的土壤酸碱次级缓冲体系。其结果为研究土壤酸碱缓冲能力的变化,乃至研究土壤环境质量变化提供了可靠的定量方法。     

离体条件下玉米籽粒发育调控研究

采用改进的籽粒离体培养系统对糖分浓度、GA3、ABA以及乙烯对籽粒发育的调控进行了研究，结果表明：有机营养供应状况与籽粒发育密切相关；相对较高的ABA／GA3利于籽粒的正常发育；籽粒发育的前期是对乙烯的敏感期。激素对籽粒发育的调节可能以可溶性酸生蔗糖转化酶为调节位点。     

Neospora caninum associated with epidemic abortions in dairy cattle: The first clinical neosporosis report in Turkey

Neospora caninum, a protozoan parasite, has been considered as one of the most important etiological agents responsible for abortion in dairy cattle throughout the world since it was first identified in dogs in 1988. In this report, characteristics of neosporosis, detected in a dairy cow ranch having epidemic abortions as high as 18.4%, were described. Blood samples were collected from 25 infertile or aborted dairy cattle, 6 calves born in 2006 and 40 heifers that were born in 2005 and raised in the same ranch. Necropsy was conducted in a 20-day-old Simmental calf that exhibited neurological signs including incoordination, head shaking, hyperextension in forelimbs and hindlimbs and tremor. The seroprevalance in aborted or infertile dairy cattle, heifers, and calves was 60%, 40%, and 33.3%, respectively. The mothers of seropositive two calves including clinically affected calf and its dam were N. caninum seropositive. In immunoperoxidase examinations, N. caninum antigen immunopositivity was observed in the degenerative and necrotic neurons in the brain, cerebellum as well as neurons in dorsal root ganglia of the cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal cord. In the heart, myocytes and Purkinje cells exhibited granular and linear patterns of immunoreactivity. Striated myofibers around the eyeball also showed immunolocalization for N. caninum antigen. Ultrastructurally, tachyzoites with typical apical complex, rhoptries and double-layered parasitic membrane were detected in the brain and heart sections. In conclusion, this report described clinical neosporosis for the first time in Turkey with tissue localization of the causative agents. This scientific communication also discusses the possible impact of cattle neosporosis by clinical, serologic and pathologic evidences collected from the survey of calves born in two successive generations in a ranch.     

Effects of dietary dried baker’s yeast on the performance,egg traits and blood parameters in laying quails

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dried baker’s yeast on laying performance, egg traits and some blood parameters of quails. In the experiment a total of 342 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged ten weeks were equally divided into six groups of 57 (three replicates of 19 quails each). Six levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) of dried baker’s yeast were included in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The experimental period lasted 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences among the groups in body weight, feed intake, protein intake, egg production, feed efficiency, egg yolk index and egg haugh unit. Blood serum levels of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were not affected by dietary dried baker’s yeast. Diets containing 4 and 8% of dried baker’s yeast increased the egg weight significantly (p < 0.01). The inclusion of dried baker’s yeast at the level of 20% to the diets reduced egg shell thickness and egg albumen height. It is concluded that dried baker’s yeast can be used up to 16% in the diets of laying quails without adverse effects on the measured parameters.     

The occurrence and antibiotic resistance of motile Aeromonas in livestock

The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of motile Aeromonas spp. in the faeces of clinically healthy sheep, cattle and horses and evaluate their susceptibility to some anti-microbial agents. Rectal swabs from 120 sheep, 85 cattle and 20 horses were examined for Aeromonas species using alkaline peptone water (pH 8.4) as the enrichment medium and Aeromonas Selective Agar containing 5 mg/l ampicillin as the isolation medium. Identification and antibiotic resistance of motile Aeromonas strains was performed using Gram Negative Enteric ID panel. Motile aeromonads were isolated from 12 (10%) sheep, 7 (8.2%) cattle and 1 (5%) horse. Of these 20 aeromonad isolates, 13 were A. caviae, 6 were A.sobria and 1 was A. hydrophila. Aeromonas species in the faeces of livestock might pose a public health problem for humans who are in direct contact with contaminated animals. However, further studies should be performed on aeromonads relating to their transmission between animals and humans.     

Prevalence of equine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-4 infections in equidae species in Turkey as determined by ELISA and multiplex nested PCR

In this report we examined the presence of specific antibodies against equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) in several equidae, including mules, donkeys, horses. The presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in respiratory diseases of equids, and ability of multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening in simultaneous diagnosis of horses acutely infected by EHV-1 and EHV-4 were also investigated. Sera from 504 horses, mules and donkeys sampled were tested for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 specific antibodies. Blood samples taken from 21 symptomatic horses and nasal swabs taken from 40 symptomatic horses were tested for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 by a multiplex nested PCR. A total of 14.3% (3/21) of buffy coat samples and 32.5% (13/40) nasal swab samples were found to contain EHV-1 DNA, while 19% (4/21) buffy coat samples and 22.5% (9/40) nasal swab samples were found to be positive for EHV-4 DNA. By species, 14.5% of horses, 37.2% of mules and 24.2% of donkeys tested were EHV-1 seropositive. EHV-4 specific antibodies were detected in 237 (81.7%) of 290 horse sera tested. Results from this investigation demonstrate that EHV-1 and EHV-4 are prevalent throughout the equid population, and that donkeys and mules might also represent an important source of infection for other equids. We also showed that the multiplex nested PCR assay might be useful for diagnosis of mixed respiratory infections in horses due to EHV-1 and EHV-4.     

Settlement and growth of the mussels (Mytilusgalloprovincialis,Lamarck, 1819) on different collectors suspended from an offshore submerged longline system in the Black Sea

A study of spat settlement of a submerged longline mussel culture system was carried out in Sinop area, Black Sea, between May 2008 and May 2009. The effects of six different types of collectors on spat settlement and growth were investigated. Six different types of spat settlement rope were used as polypropylene ropes with 18 mm diameter, 18 mm diameter timeworn silk rope, 22 mm diameter rope made from old hawser (OSR), 22 mm diameter ropes made from old anchovy net without pegs, 18 mm diameter old used nylon ropes and 18 mm diameter tasselled polypropylene ropes. Monthly temperature, salinity, chlorophyll‐a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were determined during the experimental period. The best settlement was observed on the OSR type when measured per metre (3450.00 ± 125.83 ind m^?1). Consequently, the findings showed that settlement preference of spat occurred according to rope structure, and if ropes are designed to combine numerous well‐fixed tassels, spat settlement can increase. Spat growth was affected by environmental factors and rope structure. In addition, the study revealed a negative relationship between density and growth.     

The present situation of freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) in Turkey

The only native crayfish species in Turkey, Astacus leptodactylus, is widely distributed in lakes and ponds in many parts of the country. Its distribution area was considerably expanded in Turkey after 1985 because of its commercial importance and declined catches from traditional good fisheries. Although consumption of A. leptodactylus has always been very low in Turkey, it was exported to western Europe until 1986. Due to over-fishing, pollution and a disease (crayfish plague), the total production decreased dramatically to 200 from 5000 tonnes annually. In recent years (1991–1998), there has been a gradual increase in the production of crayfish in Turkey from 320 to 1500 tonnes, but plague is still present.