模拟酸雨对中药基质土壤微生物的影响

用不同pH值(2．5～5)的模拟酸雨处理中药植株白术、元胡、贝母及其基质土壤，测定土壤中微生物的数量。结果表明，各处理pH的模拟酸雨都能抑制细菌、放线菌的生长，其数量随着酸雨pH的降低而不断减少；真菌的数量随酸雨pH的降低呈现先升高后下降的趋势，当pH为2．5时，真菌的含量最低。     

Drying temperature and relative humidity effects on wheat gluten film properties

The mechanical and physical properties of glycerol-plasticized wheat gluten films dried at different temperatures (20, 50, and 80 degrees C) and relative humidities (35 and 70% RH) were investigated. Dispersion of wheat gluten was prepared at pH 11 in aqueous solution. Films were obtained by casting the wheat gluten suspension, followed by solvent evaporation in a temperature and relative humidity controlled chamber. Decreasing relative humidity altered most of the mechanical properties. At 35% RH, tensile strength increased when drying temperature increased. However, at 70% RH, tensile strength decreased when temperature increased. Thickness of the films decreased by increasing temperature. Hypothetical coating strength increased with increasing drying temperature at 35% RH. However, at 70% RH, a maximum value was observed at 50 degrees C. Films produced at 80 degrees C exhibited low solubility in aqueous solution. Addition of 1.5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate increased solubility of all of the films except the film dried at 50 degrees C and 70% RH. Overall, drying temperature and relative humidity affected mechanical and physical properties of the wheat gluten films. However, the effect of drying temperature was more pronounced than the effect of relative humidity.     

Immunolocalization of some HOX proteins in immature and mature feline testes

Homeobox (HOX) proteins are known for their critical role in body shape formation and tissue differentiation of developing vertebrate embryos. Recent research has shown that HOX proteins have many physiological roles such as cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and cell differentiation in adults, as well as the development of the vertebrate nerve and reproductive system. This study was conducted to determine the possible physiological functions and expression intensities of HOXA10, HOXA11, HOXB6 and HOXC6 proteins in the male reproductive system (testes, epididymis and deferens ducts), which are important for the continuity of some specific cat breeds in different age ranges. In the study, a total of 18 testicular tissues were used, divided into two groups: less than 6 months (immature) and more than 1 year (mature). Tissue samples were then subjected to immunohistochemical staining with protein-specific antibodies examined in the study. In the findings obtained in the research; it was observed that HOXA10, HOXA11, HOXB6 and HOXC6 produced different intensities of immunolocalization in the epididymis and ductus deferens layers in the immature and mature testicular cells. In addition, it was found that HOXA10 immunoreaction was also seen in some vascular endothelial cells. As a result, it was concluded that the HOX proteins could contribute to the physiological functions of testes, epididymis and ductus deferens and affect male fertility.     

Cedrus libani: the most susceptible Turkish conifer species to local Heterobasidion isolates in spring inoculations

Five‐year‐old seedlings of Pinus nigra, Pinus brutia, Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Cedrus libani, 3‐year‐old seedlings of Pinus sylvestris, and 2‐year‐old seedlings of Juniperus excelsa were inoculated on the lower stem with Turkish Heterobasidion abietinum and Heterobasidion annosum s.s. isolates. In total, 300 seedlings were inoculated in April 2007 with five isolates of each Heterobasidion species and incubated in a glasshouse for 12 weeks. The daily maximum temperature increased gradually from 13°C to 31°C by the end of the incubation period. Infection incidence, mortality, lesion length in the inner bark and fungal growth in the xylem were examined. For H. abietinum, infection incidence ranged from 0% to 36%, and for H. annosum s.s. from 0% to 60%. Mortality was low; only 1% of the inoculated seedlings died. Mean lesion lengths varied between 7.6 and 11.9 mm for H. abietinum and 8.0 and 15.7 for H. annosum s.s. in all species apart from C. libani, in which the corresponding values were 42.2 and 42.6 mm respectively. Similarly, mean fungal growth in sapwood of C. libani was approximately 25 mm for both Heterobasidion species, in contrast to 0–3.2 mm in the other tree species. The H. abietinum isolates were not reisolated from P. nigra, P. sylvestris or J. excelsa. The H. annosum s.s. isolates did not infect Abies seedlings. Only P. brutia and C. libani were susceptible to both pathogens. Control seedlings showed no symptoms. The results indicated that C. libani is highly susceptible to Turkish isolates of Heterobasidion.     

Scale insect pests on ornamental plants in urban habitats in Turkey

Ornamental plants play an increasingly important role in urban habitats in Turkey. Scale insects are a serious pest group that attack ornamental plants. In this study, a total of 67 species of Coccoidea belonging to 7 families, which are harmful to ornamental plants, are given in Tables 1, 2, and 3. These tables are based on the authors data and on bibliographic sources. The most numerous families are Diaspididae (31), Coccidae (23), Pseudococcidae (7), Eriococcidae (3), and the Margarodidae, Kermesidae and Astereolecaniidae (1). Twenty-one of these species are harmful to flowering fruit and deciduous trees, 5 species are harmful to conifers, while 15 species are important orchard pests. Their hosts and distributions are also taken into consideration.     

大岗山人工针阔混交林与常绿阔叶林水文动态变化研究

对松材线虫 7个株系和拟松材线虫 2个株系的线粒体DNA随机扩增多态性分析结果显示 ,松材线虫和拟松材线虫种间和种内都表现出很大的变异性 ,但种间变异明显大于种内变异 ,因而支持将松材线虫和拟松材线虫划分为两个不同的种。两个拟松材线虫株系 (法国株系和日本株系 )之间的相似值和松材线虫各株系间的相似值极为接近 ,由此看来 ,这两个株系的变异为种内变异 ,应同属于一个种。聚类分析的结果表明 ,松材线虫和拟松材线虫系两个明显不同的类群 ,即松材线虫类群和拟松材线虫类群。松材线虫类群又分为两个亚组 ,一个是以日本株系为代表 ,另一个是以北美洲 (美国和加拿大 )株系为代表     

控制我国海洋捕捞强度所面临的问题与对策探讨

削减过剩的捕捞能力已成为世界渔业管理面临的一大任务大陆0年代以后我国的海洋捕捞强度迅速增长，主要是：捕捞效率高的渔具渔法迅速增长，海洋机动渔船数量和功率膨胀，渔民数量迅速上升，为控制捕捞强度，我国逐步采用了一些渔业管理措施，然而效果不明显，本文将从以下几方面分析我国控制海洋捕捞强度所面临的问题：1、我国渔业管理措施的局限性；2、渔区产业结构单一；3、大量“非渔业劳动力”入渔；为解决以上问题，本文提出了以下几点建议；1、调整渔业产业结构；2、严格执行国家海洋捕捞强度控制指标。3、实施渔船报废制度与赎买计划；4、加快实施捕捞限额制度；5、发展渔民组织。     

我国北方水田区稻-萍-蟹共生模式效益的研究

在辽宁省盘山县太平农场开展了稻-萍-蟹无公害农业模式的研究。结果表明,与对照相比,稻-萍-蟹2、3处理水稻分别增产5.79%、1.69%,而稻-萍-蟹1处理与对照相比减产2.03%,稻-萍-蟹系统增收河蟹103.95—170.85kg·hm-2;稻-萍-蟹系统与对照相比土壤全氮含量增加了12%—20%、全磷增加了15.7%—30.3%、全钾增加了40.9%—49.7%,有机质增加了20.4%—36.2%;稻-萍-蟹1、2、3处理杂草量比对照分别下降了25%、50%、15%;稻-萍-蟹共生模式是北方水田区无公害农业最佳生态模式。     

茶(Camellia sinensis)蜂花粉及其蜂粮的营养成分研究

测定中国茶（Camellia sinensis)的新鲜蜂花粉，5d,10d,15d茶蜂粮中水解氨基酸的含量，茶蜂粮中平均含量为23．36％，比新鲜茶蜂花粉高0．26％，新鲜茶蜂花粉和混合（5－10d)茶蜂粮样品中游离氨基酸含量分别为1037．46mg/100g和801．75mg/100g，混合（5-10d)茶蜂粮和新鲜茶蜂花粉样品中维生素A，B1，B2，C，D，E的含量（mg/100g)分别是0．19，15，1．15，0．31，0．0156，10．2和0．79，0．09，2．74，1．20，0.0158,6.6，新鲜茶蜂花粉和混合茶蜂粮样品中软脂酸，硬脂酸，亚油酸，亚麻酸的含量分别为1．3％，0．2％，0．16％，2．5％和1．1％，1．0％，0．3％，1．0％，1d茶蜂粮中的过氧化氢酶，淀粉酶的活力比新鲜茶蜂花粉高，而过氧化物歧化酶的活力则比新鲜茶蜂花粉略低，随着酿制时间的延长，茶蜂粮中过氧化氢酶，过氧化物歧化酶的活力下降，而淀粉酶的活力增强。     

食品资源引进研究--海南产印度辣木的营养价值评价

通过对辣木菜宏量营养素、微量营养素和重金属等指标的分析,比较新的生态环境下辣木幕的营养成分变化,并评价了印度辣木菜的营养价值。结果表明印度辣木幕中主要成分蛋白质和脂肪含量高、β-胡萝卜素和维生素C高,矿物元素以钙、铁含量最高,重金属指标低于GB。印度辣木是1种营养价值非常高的新资源食品。