活猪携带猪瘟病毒检测方法比较

对2个猪场的母猪血清、扁桃体、全血样品和公猪精液分别应用荧光抗体染色法、RT-PCR、CS-FV抗原ELISA、CSFV糖蛋白Erns ELISA 4种方法进行CSFV对应检测和比较。结果显示,荧光抗体染色法检出率最高,但与其他3种方法存在较大差异,RT-PCR方法检出率和重复性次之;猪瘟抗原ELISA方法检出率第3,重复性第1;CSFV糖蛋白Erns检出率和重复性均最低,但可筛选是否感染猪瘟病毒野毒。在母猪3种样品中扁桃体的检出率最高,全血样品次之,血清检出率最低。4种样品中公猪精液重复性最好,其次是母猪全血样品,母猪扁桃体第3;母猪血清样品最差。     

奶牛育种中关注的新性状

各国奶牛群体的选育目标建立之后,选育目标一直在不断发展,选择指数中性状的组成、定义和权重等都在不断变化。奶牛的选育是从关注产奶性能而开始,随后增加了体型外貌性状。由于奶牛的健康和繁殖问题的增加以及社会对动物福利的不断关注,20世纪末,世界范围内平衡育种理念在奶牛育种中逐渐形成,一些重要的功能性状加入各国的选择指数中;进入21世纪后,随着奶牛养殖业和社会的发展,育种家们开始关注和研究更多的性状,部分新性状已经开始在育种实践中选育应用。本文通过整理奶牛育种中有关新性状的研究并收集各国奶牛选育方案中的相关信息,综述了近十年奶业发达国家在奶牛遗传选育中正在研究或已经开始应用的新性状,并将这些新性状分为生产效率相关的新性状、应对环境挑战的新性状、健康福利相关的新性状、产品和加工相关的新性状及管理相关的新性状五大类,总结了这些性状的选育背景、定义方法、遗传基础和选育应用情况等,最后还总结了奶牛育种中新性状的研究应用过程,以期为我国奶牛遗传育种研究和育种目标完善提供一定的借鉴。     

联合肌注猪IL2真核质粒对PPV VP2-PCV2 ORF2核酸疫苗免疫效果的影响

将猪IL2基因和PPV VP2基因、PCV2 ORF2截短基因克隆至真核表达载体pCI-neo,构建了重组质粒pCI-ORF2-VP2和pCI-IL2,用脂质体介导法将pCI-ORF2-VP2质粒转染PK15细胞,采用间接免疫荧光法检测在体外的表达情况。并以小鼠为动物模型,将pCI-IL2和pCI-ORF2-VP2质粒联合肌注免疫小鼠,相同剂量免疫2次,间隔2周,同时设立pCI-ORF2-VP2、pCI空载体、猪细小灭活苗、圆环亚单位苗对照,检测免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化及血清抗体的滴度。结果显示,pCI-ORF2-VP2在PK15细胞中能正常表达,联合免疫组在第28天能够检测到PPV和PCV2抗体,第21~42天诱导淋巴细胞转化和CD4+、CD8+细胞的数量高于或显著高于pCI-ORF2-VP2质粒组。结果表明,猪IL2质粒联合肌注可以提高VP2/ORF2核酸疫苗的免疫效果。     

高效液相色谱法测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白含量.

本研究建立了一种用高效液相色谱测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白的方法。色谱条件:色谱柱为Hi Trap Heparin肝素琼脂糖亲和柱(0.7×2.5cm,1m L),流动相A为50mmol/L的Na2HPO4溶液(p H7.00),流动相B为50mmol/L的Na2HPO4+1.0mol/L的Na Cl溶液(p H7.00),检测波长为230nm。结果表明:乳铁蛋白的检出限为3.0mg/100g,回收率在86%~99%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.4%。用此方法检测婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白,操作简单,结果准确可靠,精密度高,重现性好。     

鸭绿江茴鱼人工繁殖技术的研究

鸭绿江茴鱼目前已经濒临绝迹,为保护这一濒危物种,并扩大其种群数量,根据该鱼的生物学特性,对鸭绿江茴鱼亲鱼的驯化方法,性成熟年龄,繁殖季节,人工授精方法,孵化方法,鱼苗培育,饵料投喂等进行了研究。结果表明:鸭绿江茴鱼性成熟年龄为2龄;产卵期在4月中旬至5月末;卵在水温8℃经17 d左右,累积温度达135度日开始发眼;25 d左右,累积温度达200度日开始破膜;32 d左右,累积温度达250度日开始上浮;经36 d左右,累积温度达290度日开始驯化摄食;开口摄食时投喂适合鱼苗吞咽的活饵料(小型枝角类、桡足类);1个月后体长达2.5 cm时,投喂大型枝角类、桡足类和适合摄食的鸡蛋羹。研究结果显示,鸭绿江茴鱼可以通过人工手段进行繁殖。     

The detection of obligate anaerobic bacteria in udder secretions of dry cattle with mastitis during summer: a comparison between gas-liquid chromatography and bacteriological culturing methods

Udder secretions sampled during the summer in 1984 and 1985 from mastitic quarters of 51 non-lactating cattle, mainly heifers less than 2 years of age, were examined bacteriologically for the presence of (facultative) aerobic and obligate anaerobic bacteria (OAB) and by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in order to detect volatile fatty acids (VFA), metabolic end-products of OAB. Forty-nine samples yielded positive cultures and in 20 cases these were mixtures of (facultative) aerobes and OAB. Only two specimens appeared to be sterile and from one specimen only were OAB cultured. Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated from 35% of the cases and Peptococcus indolicus and Fusobacterium necrophorum from 31 and 22%, respectively. In most specimens (19/21) which yielded OAB after culturing, VFA (C3-C6) could be detected by GLC. Detection of VFA in summer mastitis secretions appeared to be a useful technique to evaluate the importance and association of OAB with summer mastitis. Because samples can be easily collected and stored at -20 degrees C, this is especially advantageous in situations where adequate facilities for the isolation of OAB are not readily available.     

昆虫黑化反应的分子机制研究进展

目的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)属于节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目,也称淡水小龙虾。多巴脱羧酶(dopa decarboxylase)作为小龙虾先天免疫应答中的一种关键酶,在抵御外来病原体的侵害上起到了重要作用。本研究以克氏原螯虾为材料,克隆了Pc-ddc cDNA序列并对其进行生物信息学及组织mRNA表达分析。方法通过分子生物学技术构建大肠杆菌表达载体,并进行生物信息学分析,同时应用qRT-PCR技术分析其mRNA组织表达分布。结果生物信息学分析表明：获得了开放阅读框全长为1 425 bp的Pc-ddc基因的cDNA序列,编码474个氨基酸残基,多肽的理论分子量为52.99 ku,蛋白分子式为C₂₃₈₄H₃₆₈₉N₆₄₇O₆₇₄S₂₅,等电点为5.98,为弱酸性蛋白且N-末端无信号肽。亚细胞定位表明：Pc-DDC蛋白在线粒体中最多;组织表达分析表明：Pc-ddc mRNA在检测的6个组织中差异表达,其中,淋巴组织表达量最高。结论本研究为克氏原螯虾等无脊椎动物先天免疫系统的深入探索提供了理论支撑。     

饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群及肠黏膜形态的影响

本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin,LF)对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群及肠黏膜形态的影响。试验选用96头体重相近的21日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+250 mg/kg乳铁蛋白、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白和基础饲粮+750 mg/kg乳铁蛋白,每组4个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。正试期21 d。结果表明,与对照组和750 mg/kg乳铁蛋白组相比,饲粮中添加250和500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白可显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05);与对照组相比,不同水平乳铁蛋白可显著降低盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),其中添加500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白显著提高了盲肠、结肠中乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05),显著降低了结肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05);添加250和500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白极显著提高了十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(P<0.01)。结果提示,饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白可刺激肠道有益菌生长、降低有害菌增殖,从而改善肠道功能,具有提高仔猪生长性能的作用,本试验条件下乳铁蛋白的适宜添加量为250 mg/kg。     

广西规模化猪场2种主要排污模式的指标测定

应用常规的化学分析技术,测定了广西地区具有代表性的2个规模化猪场不同污水处理阶段的污染物含量,并与国家排放标准进行比较,研究每个处理环节污染指数的变化,从而为畜牧养殖业节能减排采取针对性的整改措施提供参考。污染物指标包括:悬浮物(SS)、氨氮(NH3-N)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和化学耗氧量(CODcr)。结果表明,2个规模化猪场排出的污水经过一定的污水处理工艺后,猪场1排放的污水不达标,猪场2排放的污水达标;植物塘对污水有明显的净化作用;沉淀调节池和二沉池环节都能有效降低悬浮物(SS)的指标。     

Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in growing thoroughbreds: a longitudinal study

This study describes longitudinal changes in serum levels of biochemical markers of bone cell activity in a group of 24 thoroughbred foals from birth to 18 months of age. The markers of bone formation included the type I collagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP), the bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and osteocalcin (OC). Levels of the cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a marker of bone resorption, and the N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (PNIIIP), a marker of soft tissue turnover, were also measured. Levels of all markers fell significantly between birth and 18 months of age (70-80 per cent); this decrease being most marked between 0 and 6 months. However, a transient increase in levels of the markers then occurred between 6 and 14 months of age. The timing of this increase was specific for each parameter. ICTP and OC concentrations increased between October and December. PICP concentrations increased between December and April whereas the increase in PIIINP was coincident with the peak in weight gain between April and June. Changes in BAP concentration were less distinct at this time. Season was shown to have significant effects on the biochemical markers independent from the effect of age. Concentrations of all markers decreased with increasing body weight and at any given age heavier horses had lower marker levels. These results show that biochemical markers of bone cell activity and soft tissue turnover follow characteristic patterns of change in growing thoroughbreds influenced by age, season and bodyweight. The demonstration that the reference ranges for the biochemical markers change from month to month means that single samples from individuals are of little value for monitoring bone cell activity in growing thoroughbreds.