根据雏鸡血清酶活性对蛋鸡进行早期选种的研究

本研究测定了147只8、12周龄S220母雏血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性,估测其遗传力及其与产蛋性能间的表型相关和遗传相关。结果表明,8周龄血清AKP活性遗传力为0.62,300日龄产蛋量遗传力为0.20,两者间的遗传相关为0.8245。利用8周龄血清AKP活性作为辅助性状对300日龄产蛋量进行间接选择,其间接选择效率为个体选择的1.4519倍,为家系选择的1.4837倍,为合并选择的1.1887倍。因此,8周龄血清AKP活性可作为蛋鸡早期选种血液生化指标之一。     

联合肌注猪IL2真核质粒对PPV VP2-PCV2 ORF2核酸疫苗免疫效果的影响

将猪IL2基因和PPV VP2基因、PCV2 ORF2截短基因克隆至真核表达载体pCI-neo,构建了重组质粒pCI-ORF2-VP2和pCI-IL2,用脂质体介导法将pCI-ORF2-VP2质粒转染PK15细胞,采用间接免疫荧光法检测在体外的表达情况。并以小鼠为动物模型,将pCI-IL2和pCI-ORF2-VP2质粒联合肌注免疫小鼠,相同剂量免疫2次,间隔2周,同时设立pCI-ORF2-VP2、pCI空载体、猪细小灭活苗、圆环亚单位苗对照,检测免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化及血清抗体的滴度。结果显示,pCI-ORF2-VP2在PK15细胞中能正常表达,联合免疫组在第28天能够检测到PPV和PCV2抗体,第21~42天诱导淋巴细胞转化和CD4+、CD8+细胞的数量高于或显著高于pCI-ORF2-VP2质粒组。结果表明,猪IL2质粒联合肌注可以提高VP2/ORF2核酸疫苗的免疫效果。     

应用镰形扇头蜱及巴贝斯虫病水牛的染虫血感染黄牛试验

从非流行区购进无蜱寄生的健康黄牛５头与水牛犊１头，其中３头成年黄牛（２～８岁）在畜舍内用从流行区水牛身上采得的镰形扇头蜱Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓ成虫，置于牛耳壳内叮咬；１头运至流行区放牧，让蜱上身叮咬；１头黄牛犊（１０年龄）去蜱后２周，用液氮保存的患病水牛染虫血４ｍｌ（４×１０ ８个虫体）皮下注射；另一头去蜱水牛犊亦同时注射相同剂量的染虫血，作为对照。５头黄牛在试验期间其体温、精神、食欲正常，未出现任何临床症状，感染后１０～１２ｄ外周血液中出现少量不典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率在０．１％以下，持续３～５６消失；对照牛则体温升高（３９．８～４１．１℃），出现贫血、黄疸等症状，红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）降至２６％，外周血液中出现典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率（ＰＰＥ）高达１２％。对采用蜱叮咬及注射来自病水牛的染虫血为何不能使黄牛感染发病，文中进行了讨论。     

孵化场接种马立克氏病疫苗的新方法

随着禽病发生的日益复杂化,孵化场接种马立克氏病疫苗面临很多挑战,大多数从业者选用1日龄接种抗生素来预防雏鸡前期细菌性疾病,于是接种马立克氏病疫苗和接种抗生素使用同一把注射器,加之高温蒸煮的损耗,导致手动注射器在接种剂量准确度等诸多方面对家禽生产者造成很大的风险,所以由于器具的使用问题而导致在田间发生马立克氏疾病的可能性增加,严重困扰着行业内的从业者.     

布鲁氏菌病研究进展

布鲁氏菌病的早期诊断及鉴定是该病防控的重要环节,其诊断技术主要包括细菌学诊断技术、血清学诊断技术以及分子生物学诊断技术。布鲁氏菌病防控应坚持预防为主的策略,其免疫主要以弱毒活疫苗为主,随着分子生物学及重组DNA技术的发展,基因工程疫苗成为近年研究热点,但目前尚未有鉴别疫苗免疫和自然感染的鉴别诊断技术及相应的疫苗制品。本文对布鲁氏菌病的病原学、流行病学、诊断技术和疫苗研究进展等方面进行概述,以期为建立灵敏性高、特异性强、高效便捷且易推广的布鲁氏菌病诊断技术和研发更加安全有效的布鲁氏菌病疫苗提供基础。     

Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China

Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared to H120 vaccine strain, point mutation, short insertion, and deletion occurred at many positions in the S1 protein of the seven strains. Five of the seven strains had the motif (HRRRR), which was identical to that of the epidemic IBV strains in China. Two new motifs (HRLRR and RRIRR) emerged in the isolated strains. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the S1 gene among the seven isolates was 81.7%-99.7% and 79.0%-99.4%, respectively. These seven strains were also genetically different from the vaccine strains and non-China IBV strains but closely related to large numbers of Chinese strains. The seven isolates and 36 reference IBV strains were clustered into six distinct groups (I-VI). The seven strains were categorized into groups I, II, and III, forming a big phylogenetic branch, which is closely related to Chinese IBVs, whereas the vaccine strains belonging to group VI are genetically distant from groups I, II, and III. The results from this study indicate that different IBV strains cocirculate in the chicken population in China.     

高效液相色谱法测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白含量.

本研究建立了一种用高效液相色谱测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白的方法。色谱条件:色谱柱为Hi Trap Heparin肝素琼脂糖亲和柱(0.7×2.5cm,1m L),流动相A为50mmol/L的Na2HPO4溶液(p H7.00),流动相B为50mmol/L的Na2HPO4+1.0mol/L的Na Cl溶液(p H7.00),检测波长为230nm。结果表明:乳铁蛋白的检出限为3.0mg/100g,回收率在86%~99%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.4%。用此方法检测婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白,操作简单,结果准确可靠,精密度高,重现性好。     

鸭绿江茴鱼人工繁殖技术的研究

鸭绿江茴鱼目前已经濒临绝迹,为保护这一濒危物种,并扩大其种群数量,根据该鱼的生物学特性,对鸭绿江茴鱼亲鱼的驯化方法,性成熟年龄,繁殖季节,人工授精方法,孵化方法,鱼苗培育,饵料投喂等进行了研究。结果表明:鸭绿江茴鱼性成熟年龄为2龄;产卵期在4月中旬至5月末;卵在水温8℃经17 d左右,累积温度达135度日开始发眼;25 d左右,累积温度达200度日开始破膜;32 d左右,累积温度达250度日开始上浮;经36 d左右,累积温度达290度日开始驯化摄食;开口摄食时投喂适合鱼苗吞咽的活饵料(小型枝角类、桡足类);1个月后体长达2.5 cm时,投喂大型枝角类、桡足类和适合摄食的鸡蛋羹。研究结果显示,鸭绿江茴鱼可以通过人工手段进行繁殖。     

Associations of polymorphisms in the Pit-1 gene with growth and carcass traits in Angus beef cattle

The Pit-1 gene was studied as a candidate for genetic markers of growth and carcass traits. Angus beef cattle that were divergently selected for high- or low-blood serum IGF-I concentration were used in this study. The single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used to identify polymorphism in the Pit-1 gene including regions from intron 2 to exon 6. Two polymorphisms, Pit1I3H (HinfI) and Pit1I3NL (NlaIII), were detected in intron 3 of the Pit-1 gene. One polymorphism, Pit1I4N (BstNI), was found in intron 4, and a single nucleotide polymorphism, Pit1I5, was found in intron 5. The previously reported polymorphism in exon 6, Pit1E6H (HinfI), was also studied in 416 Angus beef cattle. Associations of the polymorphisms with growth traits, carcass traits, and IGF-I concentration were analyzed using a general linear model procedure. No significant associations were observed between these polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits.     

香蕉酸奶的研究

介绍了凝固型香蕉酸奶的营养成分、加工工艺及其保健作用,并对今后的研究进行了展望.