An Alternative Sucker Management Method in Hazelnut: Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution

The goal of this study was to determine the usability of nitrogen solution for hazelnut sucker management. This study was carried out from 2015 to 2016?at two hazelnut orchards; one established with the shrub (ocak) system in Atakum district and the other established with the multi-stemmed system in the Carsamba district, both in Samsun province. For sucker management, 21% ammonium sulphate (AS) and 26% calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) fertilizer solutions were used. Doses of 0, 10, 15 and 20% of solutions for both fertilizers were tested. In the study, hazelnut suckers were removed by knife in July 2015 and March 2016. Nitrogen solution applications were started in September 2015 when suckers reached 20–30?cm length. In 2016 four applications were made from April to August. Fifteen days after the applications, the wilting ratio (starting from the tip) and newly emerged suckers per bush were determined. Nitrate, pH, and EC analyses were made with soil samples collected at the beginning of the experiment and compared to those taken 15 days after each application. As a result, a 10% dose of 21% ammonium sulphate fertilizer gave the best results for hazelnut sucker management. Nitrogen solution application should be started 1 to 1.5 months after removal of suckers by cutting with a knife. Suckers should be removed when they reach 15–20?cm length and before they are lignified. For effective sucker management, nitrogen solution application should be applied at least three times in a year.

     

Experimental off-axis tensile characterization of multistitched woven nano composites

The aim of this study was to understand the off-axis tensile properties of the developed two dimensional multistitched multilayer E-glass/polyester woven nano composites. It was found that the specific off-axis tensile strength of unstitched structure was higher than that of the machine stitched structure due to stitching caused filament breakages. But it was slightly lower than that of the machine stitched/nano structure. In addition, the specific off-axis tensile strength of machine stitched/nano composite structure was slightly higher than that of the machine stitched structure. When the nano silica material in the unstitched E-glass/polyester composite structure increased, the off-axis specific tensile strength and the modulus of the unstitched/nano structures increased whereas, the off-axis specific tensile strain of the unstitched/nano structures decreased. The damaged areas of the unstitched/nano structures increased, when the nano silica material in the unstitched E-glass/polyester woven composite structures increased. The failures under the off-axis tensile load of the stitched or stitched/nano structures were confined at narrow area due to the multistitching. On the other hand, it was observed that the off-axis failure of unstitched/nano or stitched/nano woven E-glass/polyester composite structures showed more brittle behavior.     

Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key link between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide evidence that this mechanistic link can be exploited for therapeutic purposes with orally active chemical chaperones. 4-Phenyl butyric acid and taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid alleviated ER stress in cells and whole animals. Treatment of obese and diabetic mice with these compounds resulted in normalization of hyperglycemia, restoration of systemic insulin sensitivity, resolution of fatty liver disease, and enhancement of insulin action in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Our results demonstrate that chemical chaperones enhance the adaptive capacity of the ER and act as potent antidiabetic modalities with potential application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.     

Clinical,virological, imaging and pathological findings in a SARS CoV-2 antibody positive cat

This paper reports a presumptive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a cat. A cat with respiratory disease living with three individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 showed bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lung on X-ray and computed tomography. The clinical swabs were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, but the serum was positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Interstitial pneumonia and prominent type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia were noted on histopathology. Respiratory tissues were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen, but the cat was positive for feline parvovirus DNA. In conclusion, the respiratory disease and associated pathology in this cat could have been due to exposure to SARS-CoV-2.