云南省马铃薯晚疫病菌的交配型、抗药性及生理小种分布的研究

 从云南省陆良县、建水县和南涧县采集2000年秋播的马铃薯晚疫病标本,分离获得124个致病疫霉菌株,连同1999~2000年分离自昆明、曲靖等地的春播马铃薯晚疫病的10个菌株共134个,采用常规技术对这些菌株进行了交配型、抗药性及生理小种的研究。交配型测定结果为:陆良县的18个菌株中有3个为A₂交配型,其余15个菌株为A₁交配型,建水县和南涧县的106个菌株及昆明、曲靖1999~2000年的10个菌株都是A₁交配型。测定了83个菌株对瑞毒霉(metalaxyl)和烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)的抗药性,结果有12.0%的菌株对瑞毒霉表现抗性,16.9%表现中抗,71.1%表现敏感,其中陆良、昆明和曲靖的抗瑞毒霉菌株的比例大于建水和南涧的抗药性菌株的比例;所测定的83个菌株都对烯酰吗啉表现敏感。生理小种鉴定结果表明,云南晚疫病菌为3.4、0、3和4生理小种,分别占鉴定菌株总数的48.0%、32.5%、15.6%和3.9%。但南涧仅发现3.4和0小种,而昆明有0、3、3.4和4小种,陆良有0、3和3.4小种,可见昆明和陆良地区的晚疫病菌生理小种比南涧地区的生理小种的组成更趋多样。     

应该考虑肉鸡接种马立克氏病疫苗--肉鸡接种马立克氏病疫苗之一

一个接种马立克氏病疫苗的试验证明，接种马立克氏病疫苗能提高肉鸡成活率4．5％，料肉比改善0．5，胴体废弃率减少2．1％。     

一种检测猪基因组中内源性反转录病毒C方法的建立

猪内源性反转录病毒使异种移植猪细胞、组织和器官存在风险,猪内源性反转录病毒A和猪内源性反转录病毒B都出现在猪基因组中,并能在体外感染人.猪内源性反转录病毒C只感染猪细胞,并可整合到大多数猪基因组中,但不是全部.猪内源性反转录病毒A和C的重组能感染人细胞,并大量复制.为了避免这种重组,猪内源性反转录病毒C阳性动物不能用于异种移植.为检测猪内源性反转录病毒C阳性猪,建立了多种不同的方法,如用不同引物建立的特异性PCR技术、异种高灵敏度的巢氏PCR技术和可定量前病毒拷贝数的实时定量PCR技术.实时定量PCR技术可用于区分污染和真正的前病毒分子.这些PCR方法经过优化,具有稳定的检测灵敏性.首先进行PCR1,如果检测结果为阴性,则进行PCR2或PCR5或巢氏PCR；如果检测结果是阳性,则进行实时定量PCR来排除污染.使用这些方法可评估猪内源性反转录病毒C的流行程度和识别未感染猪内源性反转录病毒C的动物.由于可能从其它动物细胞带来污染,不是使用耳活体检测,而是采用血细胞检测.     

美国养禽业提高家禽产品安全性的新选择

正前言在美国,肠炎沙门氏菌和空场弯曲杆菌是感染人类的2种主要的食源性致病菌,这与食用生的或未煮熟的家禽产品有很大关系。而肠炎沙门氏菌是从家禽产品中分离到的最常见的沙门氏菌血清型。另一方面,流行病学调查结果已证实,人感染空肠弯曲杆菌与食用生的或未煮熟的家禽肉之间有着显著地关系。人类每年都会因为这些病原菌感染而造成     

Time-frequency and complexity analyses for differentiation of physiologic murmurs from heart murmurs caused by aortic stenosis in Boxers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether time-frequency and complexity analyses of heart murmurs can be used to differentiate physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by aortic stenosis (AS) in Boxers. ANIMALS: 27 Boxers with murmurs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were evaluated via auscultation and echocardiography. Analyses of time-frequency properties (TFPs; ie, maximal murmur frequency and duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz) and correlation dimension (T(2)) of murmurs were performed on phonocardiographic sound data. Time-frequency property and T(2) analyses of low-intensity murmurs in 16 dogs without AS were performed at 7 weeks and 12 months of age. Additionally, TFP and T(2) analyses were performed on data obtained from 11 adult AS-affected dogs with murmurs. RESULTS: In dogs with low-intensity murmurs, TFP or T(2) values at 7 weeks and 12 months did not differ significantly. For differentiation of physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS, duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz was useful and the combination assessment of duration of frequency > 200 Hz and T(2) of the murmur had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 82%. Maximal murmur frequency did not differentiate dogs with AS from those without AS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that assessment of the duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz can be used to distinguish physiologic heart murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS in Boxers. Combination of this analysis with T(2) analysis may be a useful complementary method for diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular function in dogs.     

Comparison of two doses of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein in absorbable collagen sponges for bone healing in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of 2 doses of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) on bone healing in dogs. ANIMALS: 27 adult dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs underwent a mid-diaphyseal (1-mm) tibial osteotomy (stabilized with external skeletal fixation) and received an ACS containing 0.28 mg (0.2 mg/mL) or 0.56 mg (0.4 mg/mL) of rhBMP-2 or no treatment (control dogs). All dogs were examined daily; bone healing was assessed via radiography and subjective lameness evaluation every 2 weeks. After euthanasia at 8 weeks, tibiae were evaluated biomechanically and histologically. RESULTS: Control dogs required antimicrobial treatment for pin-site-related complications more frequently than did rhBMP-2/ACS-treated dogs. At 4 and 6 weeks, weight bearing was greater in dogs treated with rhBMP-2/ACS (0.2 mg/mL) than in control dogs, albeit not significantly. Compared with control treatment, both doses of rhBMP-2/ACS accelerated osteotomy healing at 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and the 0.2 mg/mL dose enhanced healing at 2 weeks; healing at 6 weeks was greater for the lower-dose treatment than for the higher-dose treatment. Histologically, healing at 8 weeks was significantly improved for both rhBMP-2/ACS treatments, compared with control treatment. Among groups, biomechanical variables did not differ, although less osteotomy-site failures occurred in rhBMP-2/ACS-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs that underwent tibial osteotomy, rhBMP-2/ACS (0.2 mg/mL) appeared to accelerate bone healing and reduce lameness (compared with control treatment) and apparently augmented bone healing more than rhBMP-2/ACS (0.4 mg/mL). Compared with control dogs, rhBMP-2/ACS-treated dogs required antimicrobial treatments less frequently.