沼气发酵液中一株酵母菌菌株的鉴定与系统发育分析

从沼气发酵液中分离到一株酵母菌,根据形态学特征、生理生化特征和分子生物学方法对其进行了鉴定.克隆了该菌的18S rDNA序列(GenBank接受号:EU784644)和5.8S-ITS rDNA序列(GenBank接受号:EU784645)并进行测序,结果表明18S rDNA全长1739bp,5.8S-ITS rDNA全长569bp.以5.8S-ITS rDNA序列同源性为基础构建了相关属种的系统发育树,结果表明CXF-1与季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii)处于同一进化分支中,相似性达99.6%,因此将该菌鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii).     

Experiences with Rice Grown on Permanent Raised Beds: Effect of Crop Establishment Techniques on Water Use,Productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture(CA) based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage(ZT), raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice(DSR) have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009–2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice(CT-TPR) required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice(ZT-DSR) consumed 6%–10% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%–24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CTTPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation( 0.25 mm) were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.     

In vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of fractions from Cienfuegosia digitata Cav., Sida alba L. and Sida acuta Burn f. (Malvaceae)

In this study polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, lipoxygenase (LOX) and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of aqueous acetone extracts from S. alba L., S. acuta Burn f and Cienfuegosia digitata Cav. were investigated. The total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and total tannins were determined by spectrophotometric methods using Folin-ciocalteu, AlCl3 reagents and tannic acid, respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using three methods: inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydramzyl (DPPH), ABTS radical cation decolorization assay and Iron (III) to iron (II) reduction activity (FRAP). For enzymatic activity, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities were used. This study shows a relationship between polyphenol contents, antioxidant and enzymatic activities. Present results showed that ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions elicit the highest polyphenol content, antioxidant and enzymatic activities.     

氮形态在决定田间玉米产量中的作用

在无机营养中,N是唯一既能以正电荷NH_4~+态,又能以负电荷NO_3~-态被玉米植株利用的元素。尽管玉米生产中氨基肥料几乎独占鳌头,但在温暖、通气良好的土壤中,NH_4肥料迅速被NO_3肥料代替(Hageman,1984)。因此,人们认为在玉米大部分生长季中NO_3-N是适     

Soil determinants for distribution of Halocnemum strobilaceum Bieb. (Chenopodiaceae) around Lake Tuz, Turkey

In this study we aimed to reveal the ranges and effectiveness of soil parameters on the distribution of H. strobilaceum. Halocnemum strobilaceum Bieb. is a widespread species in saline habitats and the distribution pattern of this halophytic species around Lake Tuz in Central Anatolia was examined according to the soil characteristics. pH, electrical conductivity, soil humidity, salt percentage, soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO3(2-), HCO3(-), Cl(-) and SO4(2-) values, total cations, cation exchange capacity, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ values were the examined soil properties. The most effective soil parameters for flowering period were found as Na, SO4, total cations, SAR and EC and for seed bearing period as EC, Mg, total cations, Cl, Na, SO4 and salt (%) content of the soil.     

一种测定马铃薯薯块形成期的非破坏性方法——积温法

马铃薯薯块形成期缺水会减少最终薯块个数和加重对疮痂病(Streptomyces scabies)敏感品种的危害。因此,为了确保较多的薯块个数和减轻病害,能确定薯块形成始期是很重要的。但以往测定多为破坏性取样。本文评价确定薯块形成始期的积温法,从而提供一种对此进行非破坏性的测定方法。这种方法分两个步     

Large variations in Southern Hemisphere biomass burning during the last 650 years

We present a 650-year Antarctic ice core record of concentration and isotopic ratios (δ(13)C and δ(18)O) of atmospheric carbon monoxide. Concentrations decreased by ~25% (14 parts per billion by volume) from the mid-1300s to the 1600s then recovered completely by the late 1800s. δ(13)C and δ(18)O decreased by about 2 and 4 per mil (‰), respectively, from the mid-1300s to the 1600s then increased by about 2.5 and 4‰ by the late 1800s. These observations and isotope mass balance model results imply that large variations in the degree of biomass burning in the Southern Hemisphere occurred during the last 650 years, with a decrease by about 50% in the 1600s, an increase of about 100% by the late 1800s, and another decrease by about 70% from the late 1800s to present day.     

几种叶类蔬菜对砷吸收及累积特性的比较研究

运用水培试验方法,比较了5种叶类作物对砷的吸收特性.结果表明,当营养液中砷浓度为2、4、8 mg· L-1时,芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)、苋菜(Amaranthus mangostanusL.)和空心菜(Ipomea aquatica L)地上部分生物量均显著降低(P＜0.05),而莴苣(Lactuce sativa var.longifolia)和生菜(Lactuce sativaL.)的地上部生物量与CK相比差异不显著,表现出相对更高的耐受性;从不同叶类蔬菜对砷的累积来看,在培养液砷浓度为10 mg·kg-1时,空心菜地上部分对砷的累积量最高、达1623 μg· pot-1,莴苣最低、为45.58 μg·pot-1,5种叶类蔬菜累积量大小顺序为:空心菜＞芹菜＞苋菜＞生菜＞莴苣.不同砷浓度培养液下,莴苣和生菜对砷的转移系数均值分别为0.02和0.03,富集系数均值分别为2.75和2.66,低于其他蔬菜.该研究结果为应用水培方法快速初步筛选砷低吸收作物提供了依据.     

Quantum conversion and image detection by a bacteriorhodopsin-based artificial photoreceptor

A thin film (50 to 500 angstroms thick) comprising fragments of bacteriorhodopsin (bR)-containing purple membrane was formed on an SnO(2) conductive electrode by the Langmuir-Blodgett method. The film was put into contact with a thin, aqueous electrolyte gel to construct an electrochemical sandwich-type photocell with a junction structure SnO(2)/bR/electrolyte/Au electrode. Under visible light irradiation, the bR-based photocell produced an efficient rectified photocurrent that proved to have unique differential responsivity to light intensity, which is characteristic of in vivo biological photoreceptors. An artificial photoreceptor comprising a pixel network of the bR photocell was fabricated in an attempt to study image-detecting and processing abilities of bR.