Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.     

化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和田面水氮磷流失的影响

为探讨氮(N)、磷(P)减量对降低稻田养分地表径流损失风险的影响,以毛里湖稻区为研究对象,连续两年(2016—2017年)进行田间小区试验,研究化肥氮磷优化减施对水稻产量和生长期内田面水N、P动态变化特征及径流流失的影响。结果表明:常规施肥处理(CF)和有机替代20%化肥N处理(0.8FN+0.2ON)稻田田面水总氮(TN)、NH₄⁺-N和总磷(TP)浓度在施肥后迅速达到峰值,之后逐渐下降。而控释氮肥减N处理能有效减缓N素释放速度,田面水N素流失量远低于CF处理,且磷肥减量处理TP流失量低于CF处理。与CF处理相比,控释氮肥减N 20%(0.8N)和控释氮肥+过磷酸钙减量20%(0.8NP)处理水稻两年平均分别增产5.55%、3.22%,N素累积量分别提高19.01%、13.66%,氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高31.94%、28.83%,氮肥农学利用率分别提高47.52%、33.75%,氮肥吸收利用率分别提高95.30%、73.31%。0.8NP处理较0.8N处理水稻磷肥偏生产力两年平均显著提高22.08%,而0.8FN+0.2ON处理较CF处理...     

小麦新抗源CH223抗条锈性的遗传分析及细胞学鉴定

用条中(CYR)30、31、32和33号对小麦抗病新品系CH223及其亲本进行抗性评价,分析其对条中32号的抗性遗传方式,并研究其细胞学特征。结果显示,CH223苗期和成株期对上述4个生理小种表现出免疫或近免疫的抗性水平,并具有与其抗性供体TAI7047及其野生亲本中间偃麦草相似的抗病反应型;抗×感的F1代均为免疫,反应型为0~0;型,且F2、F2:3、BC1代的抗、感分离比均符合1对显性基因控制的分离模式;CH223及其与小麦品种"中国春"等杂种F1的染色体数目均为2n=42,绝大多数的花粉母细胞具有2n=21Ⅱ的配对构型,并能与小麦染色体完好配对。说明CH223不含较大的外源染色体片段,是一个携带偃麦草抗条锈病基因的隐形异源渐渗系,对条中32号的成株抗性受1对显性核基因控制。     

并联式球面变胞机构及其完整雅可比矩阵

提出了一种球面变胞机构。该机构采用并联连接方式,由动平台、静平台、3个环形支链和1个中间变胞支链组成,通过变胞支链提供不同约束,机构可演变为正常构态和变胞构态两种机构形式。正常构态时,动平台相对静平台具有3个转动自由度,等效于3自由度球面机构;变胞构态时,动平台具有一个额外的径向移动自由度。以螺旋理论为基础,首先分析机构的自由度数目和性质;其次,构建机构的运动子矩阵和约束子矩阵,并将约束子矩阵和运动子矩阵联立,建立完整的6×6雅可比矩阵;最后,分析雅可比矩阵的秩,得到机构产生奇异位形的条件,研究奇异位形的类型,提出避免发生奇异的方法,为机构设计提供理论依据。     

2016—2020年宁夏彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫抗体监测数据分析

为了解彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体水平,收集彭阳县2016—2019年的牛羊抗体春秋集中监测数据和2020年春季牛羊抗体监测数据,进行时间、空间和群间分布描述。结果显示：2016春季牛O型和A型口蹄疫及羊小反刍兽疫抗体水平,2018年春季牛羊O型和A型口蹄疫抗体水平及2019年春季羊小反刍兽疫抗体水平较低,其他时间集中监测的抗体水平均超过70%;近5年来彭阳县牛口蹄疫抗体水平总体呈现上升趋势,羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体水平基本保持平稳;O型口蹄疫抗体水平整体上高于A型（P＜0.001）;牛规模场和牛散养户间的口蹄疫抗体水平没有差异（P＞0.050）,而羊规模场和羊散养户间的口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫抗体水平差异显著（P＜0.010）。结果表明,彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫效果整体较好,但仍有部分期间的免疫效果较差。建议加强对动物防疫社会化服务机构的监管,持续做好基层动物防疫人员的免疫技术培训,逐步提高牛羊规模化养殖水平。本研究掌握了彭阳县近5年来的牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫的免疫状况,找出了存在的问题,提出了今后的工作重点,为该地做好重大动物疫病防控,保障畜牧业健康发展提供了参考。     

Role of Akt signal pathway in inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by Chinese medicine Zuogui pill in adult rats treated with monosodium glutamate

AIM: To explore the role of Akt signal pathway in apoptosis of neural cells in adult rats treated with Zuogui Pill, a Chinese medicine. METHODS: Flowcytometry and Western blotting methods were used to investigate the changes of cellular apoptosis rate and Akt signal pathway. RESULTS: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) could increase cellular apoptosis rate and significantly restrained the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and Akt (Thr308), and markedly increased the levels of phospho-FKHR (ser256), GSK-3β (Ser9) and PTEN. Zuogui Pill partly inhibited the above effects of MSG. CONCLUSION: Zuogui pill effectively inhibits the neural apoptosis induced by MSG, and Akt pathway is involved in the neuronal protection of Zuogui pill.     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂的质量控制

对影响脲醛树脂胶粘剂质量的主要因素如摩尔比、PH值、二次尿素加入点、反应温度、反应时间及原料质量等进行了分析,评价并提出最佳控制范围。     

Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on habitat suitability for Pacific saury in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

We developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for two size classes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Environmental data, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, salinity, and net primary production, and catch and effort data from Taiwanese distant‐water stick‐held dip net fisheries during the main fishing season (August–October) during 2002–2015 were used. Habitat preferences and suitable habitat area differed between size classes. The suitable habitat was located between 40–47.5°N and 145–165°E for large‐sized Pacific saury but encompassed a greater area (35–47°N and 140–165°E) for medium‐sized Pacific saury. Both size classes were affected by substantial interannual variation in the environmental variables, which in turn can be important in determining the potential fishing grounds. We found a significant negative relationship between the suitable habitat area and the Niño3.4 indices with a time‐lag of 6 months for the large‐sized (r = ?0.68) and medium‐sized (r = ?0.42) Pacific saury, respectively, as well as the total landings of Pacific saury by all fishing fleets (r = ?0.46). As remotely‐sensed environmental data become increasingly available, HSI models may prove useful for evaluation of possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change or other environmental phenomena and in formulating scientific advice for management.     

Analysis of food preference and competition based on stomach contents of fish species inhabiting fresh and brackish waters in South Korea

We analysed the stomach contents of fish species inhabiting fresh and brackish waters of South Korea to improve our understanding of feeding preferences and competition among them. The stomach contents of 54 fish species contained 237 genera, 187 families, 84 orders, 37 classes and 25 phyla. Faunal food items included 164 genera, 129 families, 47 orders, 23 classes and 16 phyla. Floral food items were relatively limited, comprising 73 genera, 58 families, 37 orders, 14 classes and nine phyla. The most consumed faunal food item was Chironomidae (Diptera), whereas the most consumed floral food item was Fragilariaceae (Fragilariales). The 54 fish species were classified into six groups using hierarchical and nonmetric multidimensional analysis based on their food preferences: Group 1 (G1) fishes were zooplanktivores; group 2 (G2) fishes mainly consumed Malacostraca, Maxillopoda and other fishes (e.g. Osmeriformes); groups 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) consumed Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta; and groups 5 (G5) and 6 (G6) consumed macroinvertebrates. Network analysis was used to link fishes with their food items. The highest hub score for food items was for macroinvertebrates, including Diptera (13.9), Ephemeroptera (11.1) and Trichoptera (8.2). Niche breadth analysis represented the diversity of food items among the feeding groups (G1–G6). Food item diversity was high for planktivores (G1 and G3) and omnivores (G4). Conversely, the dietary diversity of carnivores (G2) and insectivores (G5) was limited. Competitive relationships between fishes, as represented by the niche overlap in G5 (insectivores), were higher than those between other groups.     

Increase in estrogen signaling in the early brain of orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides: a mini-review

Despite neurosteroidogenic enzymes are playing important roles in the regulation of brain development and function, the potential link between brain and gonad by the action of steroid hormones during gonadal sex differentiation is still not clear in teleosts. In this mini-review, we summarized our understanding on the early brain development related to the synthesis of neurosteroids and receptor signaling during gonadal sex differentiation in protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides (functional females for the first 6 years of life and start to sex change around the age of 7 years) and protandrous black porgy (functional males for the first 2 years of life but begin to change sex during the third year). We found a similar profile in the increased expression of brain aromatase gene (aromatatse B or cyp19a1b), aromatase activity, estradiol (E₂), and estrogen signaling in the brain of both grouper and black porgy fish during gonadal sex differentiation. In contrast to mammals, teleost fish Cyp19a1b expressed in a unique cell type, a radial glial cell, which is acted as progenitors in the brain of developing and adult fish. In agreement with these pioneer studies, we demonstrated that the grouper cyp19a1b/Cyp19a1b was expressed in radial glial cells. Further, in vivo data in the grouper brain showed that exogenous E₂ upregulated Cyp19a1b immunoreactivity (ir) in radial glial cells. These data suggest the possible roles of Cyp19a1b and E₂ in early brain development which is presumably related to gonadal sex differentiation.