过瘤胃甜菜碱对奶牛泌乳性能和生产性能的影响

实验选取黑龙江省大庆市某集约化奶牛场年龄、胎次、体况及泌乳量相近的健康奶牛40头,随机分为4组,每组10头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中每头每天添加5、10和20 g过瘤胃甜菜碱,Ⅳ组为过瘤胃甜菜碱对照组。试验期从产前14 d至产后42 d,通过对试验奶牛产后乳蛋白（LP）、乳脂率（BF）、乳糖（SL）的分析,研究过瘤胃胆碱和甜...     

模糊模式识别在车型分类中的应用

利用各种车辆通过环形线圈的感应曲线作为研究对象,用模糊识别理论进行车辆的特征提取及隶属度函数的建立,并在特征提取的基础上进行特征选取和匹配分类来进行车辆识别。     

中草药淀粉壳聚糖复合膜对椪柑的保鲜效果

为探讨可食性涂膜保鲜剂取代化学保鲜和套袋保鲜椪柑的可能性,研究了中草药淀粉壳聚糖复合涂膜剂对椪柑果实保鲜效果及衰老生理的影响。结果表明：复合涂膜可以明显降低椪柑贮藏期间病害指数,保持较高的好果率,其效果与化学保鲜无明显差异,但显著高于单一套袋处理,贮藏第90?d时,其好果率和病情指数分别是单一套袋的1.2倍和50.0%;复合涂膜能减少维生素C、可滴定酸的损失。与单一套袋相比,复合涂膜明显提高过氧化氢酶活性,降低过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性,抑制丙二醛积累,在贮藏第90?d时,过氧化氢酶是单一套袋的2.2倍,过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和丙二醛含量分别是单一套袋的60.9%、80.7%和76.7%。在贮藏期间除过氧化物酶外,复合涂膜过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和丙二醛含量与化学保鲜相比无明显差异。通过成本核算,处理1?kg椪柑需0.16元。由此可知,中草药淀粉壳聚糖复合涂膜在抗病和防止果实衰老方面已达到化学保鲜效果,并在品质方面明显优于化学保鲜,成本低且安全,可以替代椪柑果实的化学保鲜和套袋。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

基于物联网技术的甜玉米土壤墒情监测及评价应用

本文基于物联网技术的广州市农业机械化技术推广站农业物联网综合应用平台,利用高精度土壤湿度传感器和智能气象站所采集的环境信息,估算甜玉米不同生育阶段需水量(ETc)及其适宜的土壤含水量,并结合广东甜玉米主产区典型土壤质地类型,初步建立了不同质地土壤相对应的墒情评价指标体系。实际应用结果表明,该系统能实现土壤水分实时自动监测,对不同质地土壤甜玉米墒情评价准确,可作为广东甜玉米水分精准管理的依据,为农业科技信息服务提供了一条新途径,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

基于机器视觉的谷物联合收获机行走目标直线检测

针对谷物联合收获机视觉导航,提出基于改进Hough变换(HT)的谷物联合收获机行走目标直线检测算法.通过改进一维最大熵阈值分割方法,提高了阈值分割的速度;对二值图像通过行扫描和列扫描,确定了行走目标直线的终点位置以及直线方向上的候选点;以候选点为点集,利用最小二乘直线拟合和直线终点位置确定了待检测直线上已知一点;利用改进HT完成直线检测,与传统的HT相比,将二元映射转换为一元映射,加快了算法速度、减少了空间占用和提高了抗干扰能力.经过对多幅图片的处理,证明算法能够有效地检测出直线参数,且处理时间在100 ms左右.     

岭南庭园式植物专类园区研究——以华南植物园凤梨园为例

从总体分区和布局、历史变迁、景观格局以及重要的景观节点等方面对华南植物园凤梨园进行了全面的阐述,同时也展示了一种基于热带植物的岭南庭院式园林的造景方式。     

β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum

Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.     

番茄裂果的原因及防治对策

番茄生产过程中,由于肥料的使用不当和水分灌溉多少直接影响番茄的裂果现象,针对出现番茄裂果,找出具体原因后对照症状,及时防治.