基于TD-SCDMA的农产品安全生产管理与质量追溯系统

针对已有的农产品质量安全生产管理与追溯系统多数基于PC,操作不方便,并且只采集文本信息,而不能传输多媒体信息,随着第三代通信技术的发展使多媒体的实时传输成为可能。本文提出了一种基于TD-SCDMA网络的农产品安全生产管理和质量追溯系统平台,系统综合采用3G、数据库技术、产品编码技术,以.NET为平台,实现了管理员基于PC端的中心管理、生产企业端的基于PC端的生产管理、基于TD-SCDMA的实时信息采集、传输、统计分析、条码生成并打印以及消费者质量追溯功能。该系统主要的生产操作管理和消费者追溯等均基于TD-SCDMA的手机,方便快捷。     

极端高温对木薯单爪螨保护酶活性的影响研究

为探讨木薯单爪螨的生态适应性机理,揭示其种群扩散蔓延机制。本研究开展了极端高温胁迫对木薯单爪螨各龄螨的存活率及几种保护酶（多酚氧化酶PPO、过氧化物酶POD、抗坏血酸过氧化物AsA-POD、过氧化氢酶CAT和超氧化物歧化酶SOD）活性的影响研究。结果表明：经42℃高温处理,木薯单爪螨各龄螨最多仅可存活66 h,不能进一步发育。PPO和CAT活性在幼螨体内显著下降,而在前若螨到成螨却显著升高,而尤以前若螨升高最高;与对照相比,AsA-POD活性在幼螨体内无变化,但在前若螨体内可升高达对照的3.286倍,到后若螨期升高至对照的1.923倍,成螨期无显著变化;各龄螨体内POD和SOD的活性均无显著变化。因此,说明PPO、CAT和AsA-POD活性变化可能在木薯单爪螨抵抗高温过程中具有重要作用。     

基层农村科技服务者信息行为与需求的分析

为了解中国信息化建设对基层农村科技服务产生了哪些影响及未来农村科技信息服务发展还面临哪些制约因素。本研究面向农村科技服务者开展问卷调查,基于来自中国14个省级地区的调查结果,从网络认知、网络应用、上网目的、上网地点、科技网站访问频次等方面分析了基层农村科技服务者的信息行为特征,并考察了各地区应用互联网开展科技服务的现状,在此基础上从信息内容和传播方式两个层面总结了农村科技服务者对网络科技信息的需求。最后以实证研究结论为依据,从网络科技信息资源建设、传播方式建设、农村信息服务设施建设、农民信息素质提升等方面提出推进基层农村科技服务信息化发展的对策建议。     

大叶伞干腐病病原菌的鉴定及杀菌剂毒力测定

为明确大叶伞干腐病的病原菌种类,筛选有效药剂,为病害防治提供理论依据,对该病病原菌进行了鉴定,并进行了杀菌剂毒力测定。在形态学基础上,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析,对大叶伞(Schefflera actinophylla)干腐病病原菌进行鉴定,结果为可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了8种杀菌剂对大叶伞干腐病菌的抑制作用,结果表明：50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.02 μg/mL,其次为45%咪酰胺水乳剂、43%戊唑醇悬浮剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散性粒剂和25%丙环唑乳油,EC50值均小于1 μg/mL。     

Heterosis performance of yield and fibre quality in F1 and F2 hybrids in upland cotton

Because of the difficulty of producing F₁ hybrid seeds by hand emasculation and pollination, wide use of heterosis in cotton production has been limited in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of F₂ hybrids for yield and fibre quality. A half diallel involving eight parents and their F₁ and F₂ hybrids was grown in replicated studies at Linqing and Nanjing in 1999 and Nanjing in 2000. Yield and fibre quality was determined for all 64 entries. Fibre quality was also determined for parents and F₁s, but only for Zhongmiansuo 28 (ZMS28), Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) and Wanmian 13 (WM13) F₂s. These three F₂ hybrids are extensively planted in China and provide experimental controls with which to compare the performance of new hybrids. Average yield heterosis for F₁s and F₂s was 15.9 and 9.2%, respectively. Inbreeding depression for yield varied but some F₂s greatly out‐yielded the best variety. Average F₁ heterosis was 6.7, 6.2 and 2.9%, respectively for number of bolls per unit area, boll weight, and lint percentage. The average F₂ heterosis for the same traits was 4.4, 3.3 and 1.6%, respectively. F₁ heterosis for fibre traits was low. In general, parental average was a good indicator of the yield and fibre quality of F₁ hybrids. These encouraging results suggest there is sufficient heterosis for yield to use F₂s in China.     

QTL analysis of seed dormancy in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Effective cumulative temperature (ECT) after heading would be a more reasonable parameter for seed sampling of pre-harvest sprouting/seed dormancy (SD) tests in segregating populations than the days after flowering. SD is an important agronomic trait associated with grain yielding, eating quality and seed quality. To identify genomic regions affecting SD at different grain-filling temperatures, and to further examine the association between SD and ECT during grain-filling, 127 double haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross between ZYQ8 (indica)/JX17 (japonica) by anther culture were analyzed. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their digenic epistasis for SD were identified using a molecular linkage map of this population. A total of four putative QTLs for SD (qSD-3, qSD-5, 6 and 11) were detected on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 11, together explaining 41.4% of the phenotypic variation. Nine pairs of digenic epistatic loci were associated with SD on all but chromosome 9, and their contributions to phenotypic variation varied from 2.87%–8.73%. The SD QTL on chromosome 3 was identical to the QTLs found in other mapping populations with different genetic backgrounds, which could be a desirable candidate for gene cloning and marker-assisted selection in rice breeding.     

对宁夏苹果产业发展提升的思考

宁夏是苹果生产的适宜区,因其生产的苹果浓缩果汁具有高酸度而成为加工原料的优势产区,对如何进一步发挥苹果产业优势、提升苹果产业发展质量进行了深入思考。     

大豆叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素是对人类健康起着积极作用的功能因子,在保健食品等领域的前景十分广阔,目前已成为功能性食品成分研究中的热点。介绍了大豆叶黄素的结构与功能、检测方法、合成途径和关键基因以及遗传特性和影响因素等方面的研究进展。     

9种鹤类DNA条形码的研究

为了研究9种鹤类的DNA条形码,采用DNA条形码鸟类通用引物扩增中国4种鹤类（22个个体）的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因。从GenBank及BOLD Systems下载13条鹤类的COI基因序列,对35条COI序列进行分析,构建NJ树和MP树,探讨DNA条形码对鹤类的识别和鉴定。结果显示,丹顶鹤群体中,除D1和B18号个体外,均被归为同一类群;白鹤群体中,编号为AY567881的个体与黑鹤划为同一类群;其余鹤类的系统发育分析结果均与形态学分类结果相同。由于丹顶鹤样本均取自沈阳森林野生动物园,所以是同一物种或是近缘物种杂交的可能性最大;白鹤较大的种内差异则可能是地理位置或是其他原因。     

切分胡萝卜生理变化的研究

研究了胡萝卜切分后的生理变化规律。结果表明,鲜切胡萝卜的呼吸强度、白度值升高,pH值、总胡萝卜素含量下降。切分胡萝卜的硬度、渗出物含量以及颜色的变化与其切分表面的水分损失有着密切的关系,另外机械损伤也是造成鲜切胡萝卜脱色的直接因素。