豫南粳稻播期调整后抽穗灌浆期间温度变化 及对产量和品质的影响

分析了调整播种期后10个品种灌浆成熟期日均温的变化以及产量和稻米品质的变化,指出在豫南稻区调整播种期后粳稻产量增加和稻米外观品质变好的根本原因是灌浆期的温度条件更适宜于粳稻的灌浆结实,有利于产量形成和品质提高。     

使用熵权法划分污染重点区域及识别主要污染因子

[目的]对嘉兴市污染重点区域进行划分,并探明该区域主要污染因子。[方法]在嘉兴市及周边地区的主要河道上设置29个监测断面,监测指标包括CODCr,大肠杆菌总数,TN,NH+4—N和TP。再利用熵权法将多个水质参数转化为一个综合指数,通过对综合指数进行分析。[结果]嘉兴市TN,TP超标严重,浓度范围分别为2.60~10.52mg/L,0.60~5.68mg/L,均超过地表水水质标准(GB3838—2002)中的Ⅴ类标准。29个监测点的水质综合指数范围为1.61~8.69。嘉兴市的海盐县、平湖市交界处以及秀洲区中部综合污染最严重,以此为中心向外污染程度逐渐降低,桐乡、海宁西部及嘉善县北部相对污染最轻。研究区中TP为主要污染因子,CODCr,大肠杆菌总数次之。[结论]在污染总体较严重的地区,水质综合指数法可以较好地体现区域间污染程度的差异,通过比较同一监测点不同水质参数对综合指数的贡献还可获得区域主要污染因子。     

Genotypic Differences in Spectral and Photosynthetic Response of Peanut to Iron Deficiency

To assess the genetic variability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in tolerance to iron (Fe) deficiency, spectral and photosynthetic parameters of 12 peanut cultivars were determined. The results showed that peanut exhibit significant variations in spectral and photosynthetic parameters within cultivars in response to Fe deficiency. The 12 peanut cultivars were separated into three groups, which include (i) a Fe-deficient tolerant cultivar (‘Zhenghong 3’), (ii) a Fe-deficient sensitive cultivar (‘Huayu 22’), and (iii) ten intermediate cultivars. Iron deficiency caused an increase in root biomass, root/shoot ratio, structure independent pigment index and intercellular carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, but resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (F_v/F_m), effective quantum yield of PS II (ΦPS II), photochemical reflectance index, red edge point, and chlorophyll normalized difference index. Iron deficiency-induced decline in net photosynthetic rate may be resulted from the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents and inhibition of PSII photochemistry.     

可食性壳聚糖涂膜保鲜大黄鱼品质控制研究

为探究不同分子量 (50、200和500 kD) 壳聚糖涂膜对冷藏草鱼 (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 鱼片品质保持效果的差异性,比较了不同涂膜保鲜样品贮藏期间的感官评分、微生物计数 [菌落总数和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)数] 和理化指标 [剪切力、汁液流失率、pH、挥发性盐基氮 (TVB-N)、TCA-溶解肽和生物胺] 的变化情况。结果表明,相较于对照组,3组壳聚糖涂膜处理均能有效抑制鱼肉品质劣化。结合感官评价、TVB-N与菌落总数分析结果,对照组样品冷藏货架期少于6 d,而涂膜处理能使产品货架期延长2 d以上,其中200 kD分子量壳聚糖涂膜鱼片贮藏期间的感官品质保持最佳,货架期延长效果更为明显。通过比较3组涂膜样品的微生物和理化指标,200 kD分子量壳聚糖涂膜鱼片在贮藏第8天时的菌落总数 (TVC)、假单胞菌数、剪切力、汁液流失率、TVB-N和腐胺含量等品质指标均优于另两组涂膜样品,200 kD分子量壳聚糖可作为优选的涂膜基料用于生鲜鱼肉的保鲜。     

SD雄鼠3种不同新蛋白构型GnRH去势抗原免疫学及生物学效果对比研究

旨在对比研究SD雄鼠3种不同新蛋白构型GnRH抗原的免疫学及生物学效果。本研究新蛋白构型GnRH抗原设计采用增加GnRH拷贝数和增大抗原分子量方法。以化学合成法合成G6K-GnRH并列体(G6K-GnRH-tandem,G6KT)作为新蛋白GnRH抗原制备的基本单元。将G6KT二聚化,形成抗原Ⅰ(G6KTD),将G6KT和G6KTD分别与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,分别形成抗原П(G6KT-OVA)及抗原Ⅲ(G6KTD-OVA)。试验分5组:完整对照组(不做任何处理,intact control)、外科阉割去势组(surgical castrates)及3种新蛋白构型GnRH免疫组(G6KTD、G6KT-OVA及G6KTD-OVA免疫组)。将(G6KTD、G6KT-OVA、G6KTD-OVA)3种不同新蛋白构型GnRH抗原配于Specol佐剂,分别免疫SD雄鼠,6周龄时初免,腿部肌肉注射1 mL乳化抗原(含相应新构型GnRH蛋白100μg),8周后加免,注射剂量与方法同初次免疫,每试验组12只雄鼠。放免法及酶联免疫法测定血清抗体及生殖激素浓度变化,qPCR检测垂体-睾丸生殖相关基因mRNA表达变化。结果显示:1)SD雄鼠主动免疫3种不同新蛋白构型GnRH抗原后均能产生良好的抗体反应。2)G6KT-OVA及G6KTD-OVA免疫组仅初免就能诱发较高水平的抗体产生,并显著降低雄鼠血清LH、FSH、睾酮(T)及抑制素B (INHB)浓度(P<0.05);试验结束时,该两种抗原免疫组雄鼠睾丸重量及体积均降低,精子发生完全被终止,垂体GnRHR、LHβ、FSHβ及睾丸LHR、FSHR、INHα、INβA及INHβB mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05)。3)G6KTD免疫组12只雄鼠中,9只(75%)在加免后血清LH、FSH、T及INHB浓度显著降低(P<0.05),试验结束时睾丸重量及体积均显著降低(P<0.05),精子发生受到明显抑制(P<0.05)。综上表明:新蛋白构型G6KT-OVA和G6KTD-OVA具有极强的免疫原性,初次免疫就能达到抑制生殖激素分泌的目的,在作为单剂量GnRH疫苗方面具良好的开发前景;同时G6KTD也具有较强的免疫原性,可不与载体蛋白偶联单独作为GnRH去势抗原,继而避开GnRH分子与载体蛋白偶联所面临的GnRH抗原损失严重及与载体蛋白偶联的后续纯化等问题。本研究结果为研发高效GnRH去势疫苗及其大规模应用提供了理论参考。     

高水分稻谷袋式干燥工艺研究

研究了高水分稻谷的袋式干燥工艺,降水效果以及爆腰情况。结果表明,袋式干燥作为两步分段干燥技术的第一步是可行的,在干燥的过程中不需倒袋就可获得好的降水效果,干燥品质好。     

A Modified Chloride Ion Diffusion Model in Concrete

Based on the analysis of influencing factors chloride ion diffusion in concrete and the simplified model induced by Fick's second law, a chloride ion diffusion model was established, in which , the influences of water-cement ratio, humidity, time, temperature, chloride ion binding capacity of concrete and freeze-thaw cycle are taken into consideration. The Validity of the new model is verified through the comparison of results between the proposed model and the existing analytic /numerical model. Compared with the analytic model, the proposed model can consider the seasonal change of humidity and temperature,and the time-variant effect of freeze-thaw cycle.Compared with the numerical model, the computational efficiency of the proposed model is higher.     

Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole on modified activated carbonand its release behavior

The adsorption capacity and release behavior of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were determined on three types of activated carbon: AC-0 (commercial activated carbon), AC-Fe (activated carbon/iron oxide composites) and AC-Mn (activated carbon/manganese oxide composites). The adsorption fitted to the Freundlich, Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models. The Langmuir-Freundlich model had been found most suitable for equilibrium data. The presence of iron oxide and manganese oxide did not significantly affect the surface area or pore structure of activated carbon, in addition, which had little effect on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Compared to AC-Fe and AC-Mn, AC-0 had a higher efficiency of SMZ desorption. Adsorption probably occurred through a surface complexation mechanism and was accompanied by degradation of some SMZ, which would play significant role in improving the ability of AC-Fe and AC-Mn adsorbing SMZ.     

不同播期对小麦‘泰科麦31'干物质积累转运及产量的影响

为明确不同播期对小麦新品种‘泰科麦31'干物质积累转运、叶面积指数、籽粒灌浆速率和产量结构的影响,于2019—2021年小麦生长季进行‘泰科麦31'不同播期试验。设置9月30日、10月10日、10月20日和10月30日4个播期,依次记作SD1、SD2、SD3和SD4,测定不同播期下‘泰科麦31'不同生育期的干物质积累量、叶面积指数、籽粒灌浆速率和产量结构。系统分析了‘泰科麦31'不同播量对其干物质积累转运、叶面积指数、籽粒灌浆速率和产量的影响。结果表明：SD2处理下‘泰科麦31'整个生育期干物质积累量最高,其中拔节到开花阶段和开花到成熟阶段的干物质积累量均在SD2处理下最高;花后干物质积累对籽粒的贡献率的变化趋势为SD2>SD1>SD3>SD4;在越冬期和返青期,播期对‘泰科麦31'叶面积指数的影响的趋势为SD1>SD2>SD3>SD4,但在返青期之后,叶面积指数为SD2>SD3>SD1>SD4;15~25 d是‘泰科麦31'籽粒灌浆的快增期,在25 d时籽粒灌浆速率达到最高,25~30 d是‘泰科麦31'籽粒灌浆的缓增期,SD4的籽粒灌浆的增长要明显高于其他播期;SD2处理下‘泰科麦31'产量最高,相关性分析可知,SD2产量最高的原因得益于SD2处理下的穗数最高。