外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响

【目的】研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响。【方法】以酸枣水培幼苗为材料,研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶片内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量以及叶绿素总含量的影响。【结果】与150 mmol/L NaCl处理相比,外施100 mg/L ALA显著提高了酸枣幼苗的内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量、叶绿素a、b含量以及叶绿素总含量,较NaCl处理分别提高44.8%、20.8%、21.2%、26.4%、36.5%、36.0%、38.4%和41.2%;且叶绿素合成受阻位点在ALA向PBG转化过程。【结论】外源ALA可以促进NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素的合成,促进幼苗生长。     

超声波对野生柴胡种子萌发及活力的影响

采用超声波对野生柴胡种子进行处理,测定种子的发芽势和发芽率以及种子的平均根长和简化活力指数.结果表明:经超声波处理25min,种子的发芽势和发芽率分别为13.33%、88.89%,比对照提高11.11%、44.45%;种子的简化活力指数为122.67,比对照高出98.23;处理时间在15～35min范围内,对种子的萌发以及种子的活力均有一定的促进作用.     

新疆桃实生优选单株果实品质比较

以7个不同新疆桃种质资源为试材,比较其实生优选单株的果实品质,明确新疆桃实生优选单株的果实品质优劣,以期为新疆桃产业的发展提供新的种质资源.结果表明:7个新疆桃种质的单果质量范围在125.39～198.89 g,种质间差异较大,'毛桃四号'毛桃一号'毛桃三号'单果质量显著高于其它种质;7个新疆桃种质的可溶性固形物含量在9.88％～13.95％,除了'油桃二号'其它种质的可溶性固形物含量均超过了12％;7个新疆桃种质的可溶性糖含量范围在5.43％～13.91％,种质间差异较大,'毛桃四号'的可溶性糖含量显著高于其它种质;可滴定酸含量范围在0.57％～1.74％,种质间差异较大,'毛桃五号'油桃一号'的可滴定酸含量显著高于其它种质,7个新疆桃种质呈现出多样化的果实形状、颜色、风味.结合外在品质和内在品质综合分析,'毛桃四号'的果实品质综合性状表现最好,可以在新疆地区推广运用.     

不同规格生态沟渠对排水中污染物的处理能力之比较研究

利用三种不同深度规格的生态沟渠（E_0.80、E_1.05和E_1.30）,通过控制相同的表面水力负荷,比较研究了动态进水（TN 0.86~6.13 mg?L^-1、TP 0.11~0.28 mg?L^-1）条件下生态沟渠对农业面源主要污染物的去除效果,同时考察其耐冲击负荷能力和适宜建造长度。结果表明：整个试验期间,三种不同深度规格的生态沟渠对铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和悬浮物（SS）的去除率均达到50%以上,其中E_1.30对污染物的去除效率较高,NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP和SS的总平均去除率分别为64.8%、63.1%、71.8%和60.8%。同时,E_1.30的污染物出水浓度较为稳定,耐冲击负荷能力相对较强。进水浓度较高情况下,E_1.30在TN、TP出水浓度为2 mg?L^-1和0.2 mg?L^-1时所需长度分别为27.4 m和4.9 m,为三种规格生态沟渠中最短。表明生态沟渠是有效去除农业面源污染物的技术,在实际应用中可因地制宜地建设E_1.30规格的生态沟渠,并可辅以高效吸附氮磷材料等其他措施,进一步提高生态沟渠对农业面源污染物的去除能力。     

Population size and specific potential of P-mineralizing and -solubilizing bacteria under long-term P-deficiency fertilization in a sandy loam soil

The effects of organic manure, mineral fertilizer (NPK), and P-deficiency fertilization (NK) on the individual biomass of young wheat plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in wheat root systems, population sizes of soil organic phosphorus mineralizing bacteria (OPMB) and inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria (IPSB) as well as soil P-mineralization and -solubilization potential were investigated in a long-term (18-year) fertilizer experiment. The experiment included five treatments: organic manure, an equal mixture of organic manure and mineral fertilizer, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NK, and the control (without fertilization). Plant biomass, population sizes of soil OPMB and IPSB were greatly increased (P<0.05) by the application of organic manure and slightly increased by the balanced application of mineral fertilizer, while undiminished AM colonization in wheat root system was only observed in the case of the NK treatment. Compared to balanced fertilization, P-deficiency fertilization resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) of OPMB-specific mineralization potential (soil P-mineralization potential per OPMB cell) and highest IPSB-specific solubilization potential (soil P-solubilization potential per IPSB cell), suggesting that OPMB and IPSB are likely more metabolically active in P-deficiency fertilized soils after long-term fertilizer management, and mycorrhizal plants are more dependent on AM in P-poor soils than in P-fertilized soils. Our results also showed the different effects of mineral fertilizer versus organic manure on soil P-mineralization and -solubilization potentials, as well as specific potentials of OPMB and IPSB in arable soils.     

植物同源结构域(PHD)-finger家族转录因子OsPHD1的过量表达可提高水稻的耐逆性能

OsPHDl基因属于水稻(Oryza sativa)植物同源结构域(PHD)-finger转录因子基因家族.逆境(干旱、高盐和低温)处理下,水稻内源基因OsPHDl的表达量明显升高.利用农杆菌介导法将OsPHDl基因转入水稻(Oryza sativa ssp.jap onica)中花11,获得OsPHDl的过表达植株.耐逆性实验表明,过表达OsPHDl基因使转基因株系对低温(4～8℃)、高盐(200mmol/L)和干旱胁迫(相对含水量70%～95%)的耐受性分别提高43.3%、60%和25%,且在T2中获得稳定遗传.同时转基因水稻在其他性状与对照无明显差异.在洋葱(Allium cepa)表皮亚细胞定位实验中OsPHDl与GFP的融合蛋白定位于细胞核中,qRT-PCR结果表明,OsPHDl蛋白可能通过调节胁迫反应基因的表达来调节植物的抗逆性.研究结果提示,OsPHDl基因在水稻抗逆育种上有重要的应用前景.     

陕西省潼关县农田重金属污染分析与评价

为掌握潼关县的农田重金属污染状况,于2015年采集当地土壤样品、畜禽粪便样品、有机肥料样品、过磷酸钙肥料样品以及玉米籽粒样品,测定分析各样品的Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg质量分数,并采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法对污染现状进行评价。结果显示,该县土壤存在一定程度的污染,Pb、Cd和Hg超标率分别达到16.0%、56.0%和80.0%;另外,鸡粪中Cr质量分数超标率为8.3%,猪粪中Cd超标率为5.0%,牛粪和生物有机肥中5种重金属元素均未超标,P_2O_5≥16%磷肥中As超标率为12.5%,玉米籽粒中Pb、Cd和Hg超标率分别为8.3%、8.3%和16.7%;相关分析显示,牛粪、P_2O_5≥16%磷肥以及玉米籽粒与土壤重金属质量分数呈正相关。说明,施用牛粪和重金属元素质量分数较高的磷肥对该地区土壤重金属污染有一定影响,且农作物籽粒重金属污染受土壤污染影响明显。     

有机培肥化肥减量对夏玉米含碳率及固碳量影响

为探讨不同施肥措施对玉米固碳能力的影响,以传统施肥为对照,设置化肥减量增施有机肥和秸秆6个处理,在玉米抽穗期、吐丝期和成熟期取样,分析不同器官含碳率和固碳量的差异。结果表明,不同生育期玉米植株器官含碳率有差异,地上器官(叶、茎、籽粒等)含碳率显著高于地下器官(根)。化肥减量30%增施有机肥和化肥减量30%增施秸秆2个处理相对化肥减量50%和化肥减量70%处理能有效提高玉米全株含碳率。化肥减量增施有机肥不仅提高植株收获物籽粒的含碳率,还增加还田产物茎和叶器官的含碳率。对不同处理玉米区域固碳量分析表明,玉米地上部分固碳量显著高于地下部分,化肥减量增施有机肥各处理平均区域固碳量高于化肥减量增施秸秆处理。     

谷子秸秆剪切力与其饲料营养特性变化规律及相互关系

为探究谷子秸秆力学性质与其饲料特性的变化规律及相互关系,选用谷物完熟期的谷子秸秆,将其分为5段（近根部、中下部、中部、中上部、上部）并每隔7 d进行秸秆节间、茎节力学性质（剪切、压缩）和饲料特性（形态指标、营养成分）测定。试验结果表明：谷物完熟后,随着时间的推进,秸秆节间、茎节剪切力、抗压强度、干物质含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量和木质素含量总体上呈增大趋势,而秸秆含水率、当量直径、横截面积、线性密度和粗蛋白含量总体上呈减小趋势。谷子秸秆单位直径剪切力与含水率和线性密度呈负相关关系（R2≥0.903）,与其干物质、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量呈正相关关系（R2≥0.845）,与其粗蛋白含量无显著相关关系（P>0.05）。采收期内,谷子秸秆基部起秸秆剪切力至顶部逐渐增大,且剪切力与当量直径、横截面积呈正相关关系（R2≥0.916）。试验表明谷子秸秆饲料特性指标验证试验值与预测值相对误差不大于6.48%,预测模型合理。测量秸秆剪切力可用于预测其形态指标参数和营养成分含量,进而一定程度地反映秸秆饲用价值和反刍动物择食趋向。采收期内,谷子中部及以上秸秆单位直径剪切力显著小于其近根部（P<0.05）,更适合饲用;且谷物完熟后,及时采收可避免秸秆饲用价值降低。该研究可为高效利用谷子秸秆资源提供参考。     

Whole Genome Methylation Variation Analysis of Longissimus Dorsi Between Tan Sheep and Hu Sheep

It aimed to identify the differential methylation region (DMR) and differential methylation gene (DMG) through the analysis of the genome-wide methylation difference of the longest muscle of the sheep's back of different breeds of sheep,and laid the foundation for the analysis of the differences in sheep skeletal muscle development.In this study,one-year-old sheep(Tan sheep and Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2) were sanned by the whole genome bisulfite sequencing method(WGBS).The degree of methylation and differentially methylated region in the whole genome DNA of longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle were studied to explore the difference of DNA methylation in level in sheep.The results showed that the methylation (mC) rates of cytosine (C) were 3.55%,3.18% and 3.56% in Tan sheep,Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2,respectively.A total of 97 731 DMRs and 10 784 related DMGs were detected.In CG,CHH and CHG sequences,the methylation levels of the three groups were not significantly different.419 GO terms and 20 related signal pathways were detected by GO and KEGG analysis,respectively,which were showed to be significantly enriched in cellular process,cell part,binding,long-term depression,and so on.Five candidate genes,ACTA2、ROCK1、CALD1、MYH3 and MYH10 were sreened out in muscle tissues.This study provided genome-wide methylation of pattern of three groups (Tan sheep and Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2).The results provided reference information for the epigenetic study of Tan sheep and screened candidate genes related to muscle development and meat quality.