小麦秸秆还田机粉碎装置性能影响因素试验与优化

利用设计的秸秆还田机粉碎装置进行了粉碎试验。以壳体包角、喂入速度、动定刀间隙为试验因素,秸秆的粉碎质量、粉碎功耗为试验指标,建立了粉碎质量和粉碎功耗的数学模型。随着喂入速度、壳体包角的增加和动定刀间隙的减小,粉碎功耗增大,粉碎质量提高。利用回归方程和主目标法,进行了参数的优化设计,结果为:粉碎室包角为70°、喂入速度为46.5m/s、动定刀间隙为10mm。     

车辆电动转向系统的卡尔曼滤波模糊PID控制

通过对车辆动力转向系统的动力学分析,建立了动态数学模型。为了克服单独使用PID控制和模糊控制时的问题,提高控制系统的响应速度,减小超调量,减小稳态误差,设计了模糊控制和PID控制相结合的多模态控制器,实现了分段控制;并由卡尔曼滤波对控制信号进行滤波处理,减小路面随机干扰和传感器测量噪声的影响,从而进一步提高了控制效果。仿真和试验结果表明,该控制方法能够明显改善控制性能。     

Youssoufenes A2 and A3, Antibiotic Dimeric Cinnamoyl Lipids from the ΔdtlA Mutant of a Marine-Derived Streptomyces Strain

Two new dimeric cinnamoyl lipids (CL) featuring with an unusual dearomatic carbon-bridge, named youssoufenes A2 (1) and A3 (2), were isolated from the ΔdtlA mutant strain of marine-derived Streptomyces youssoufiensis OUC6819. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by combination of the long-range NOE-based ¹H-¹H distance measurements and ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate growth inhibition against multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5172 with an MIC value of 22.2 μM.     

灌浆初期高温胁迫对水稻籽粒活性氧积累及产量形成的影响

【目的】研究灌浆初期高温胁迫对水稻籽粒活性氧积累及产量形成的影响,为耐热水稻种质资源的筛选和鉴定提供理论依据。【方法】以长江中下游地区普遍推广种植的8个水稻品种为材料,在灌浆初期进行高温胁迫（38 ℃/32 ℃,昼/夜）,研究各水稻品种在灌浆初期高温胁迫下的ROS含量、抗氧化酶活性、淀粉合成相关酶活性、产量及其构成要素以及稻米品质的差异。【结果】与对照相比,灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻籽粒O^-₂·和H₂O₂含量及抗氧化酶活性显著增加。在不同水稻品种中,淀粉合成相关酶活性对灌浆初期高温胁迫的响应具有差异性。高温胁迫下,产量损失较大水稻品种的O^-₂·和H₂O₂含量增幅较大,淀粉合成酶活性受高温胁迫影响也较大。灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻结实率、千粒质量、收获指数和产量显著下降,其中黄华占和湘两优900的产量损失较小,在灌浆初期的耐热性较强;粤王丝苗、泰优390和湘两优2号的产量损失较大,在灌浆初期的耐热性弱。灌浆初期高温胁迫导致糙米率、精米率和淀粉含量显著下降,垩白粒率和垩白度增加。高温胁迫下,产量损失较大水稻品种的淀粉含量下降幅度较大,稻米品质受高温胁迫影响也较大。在高温胁迫下,水稻产量与ROS含量显著负相关,而与抗氧化酶活性显著正相关。产量、籽粒加工指标、淀粉含量和淀粉合成酶活性的抗逆系数与ROS含量的抗逆系数显著负相关,而与抗氧化酶活性的抗逆系数显著正相关。【结论】灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻籽粒ROS过量积累是降低淀粉合成酶活性和淀粉含量,进而导致产量和稻米外观加工品质下降的重要因素。ROS的增加量可作为灌浆初期水稻耐热性评价的参考指标。     

桂花OfWRKY120基因鉴定及盐胁迫响应功能研究

【目的】根据前期基因家族鉴定分析得到OfWRKY120,对该基因盐胁迫响应的功能进行分析,为桂花盐胁迫下的调控机制研究奠定基础。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对OfWRKY120保守结构域、系统进化进行分析,并采用qRT-PCR技术研究盐胁迫下OfWRKY120在桂花叶片中的相对表达量。构建OfWRKY120超表达载体,使用亚细胞定位、酵母自激活检测等探究其特性,将该基因瞬时转化本氏烟草后,对烟草进行盐处理,利用DAB、NBT染色和相关生理指标的测定,解析瞬时转化OfWRKY120对本氏烟草耐盐性的影响。【结果】OfWRKY120基因全长为1 422 bp,编码474个氨基酸,存在WRKY superfamily保守结构域。盐胁迫能够激活桂花叶片中OfWRKY120的表达,在72 h时相对表达量最高,与对照有显著差异。亚细胞定位结果表明,OfWRKY120定位于细胞核。酵母自激活结果显示OfWRKY120无自激活活性。盐胁迫后,OfWRKY120瞬时过表达植株的超氧阴离子(O^-₂·)和脯氨酸含量显著高于空载对照,且DAB和NBT染色表现出更深的颜色。本氏烟草中的qRT-PCR结果显示,OfWRKY120显著降低了NbCAT的表达,而显著提高了NbP5CS1、NbP5CS2和NbP5CR的表达。【结论】OfWRKY120过表达增加了盐胁迫下本氏烟草中活性氧（ROS）的含量,导致植物对盐胁迫的敏感性提高。     

加强农机化基础设施建设刻不容缓

农业部张宝文副部长在全国农业工作会议农机专业会上指出:在看到农机化发展的积极变化的同时,我们还要清晰地看到目前我国农机化发展还存在不少困难和问题:一是基础设施还不配套,农机维修网点建设滞后,机耕道、场库棚等农机化的基础设施缺乏…………     

肥城桃不同栽培模式调查、经济效益分析及建议

肥城桃是中国著名的地方名优特果品之一,与奉化玉露、深州蜜桃、阳山水蜜并称为“中国传统四大名桃”。近年来,肥城桃产业高质量发展成效明显,一些优良品种的引进和新型栽培技术的应用,极大推动了肥城桃的区域规模种植,肥城桃种植成为当地桃民增收的重要途径之一。本文就山东省肥城桃产业实践应用中的三种不同栽培种植模式的生产成本和经济效益进行调查、分析,提出发展建议,以期为肥城桃种植提质增效和高质量规划发展提供参考。     

代谢酶抑制剂PX对除草剂防除稗草的增效作用

为解决除草剂防除困难的问题,采用室内盆栽试验测定了PX、PM和Mn²⁺三种代谢酶抑制剂对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶防除稗草Echinochloa crus-galli的增效作用,测定不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对这5种除草剂的增效作用及其与莠去津混用后稗草体内谷胱甘肽转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和细胞色素 P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）活性的变化。结果显示,在3种代谢酶抑制剂中,代谢酶抑制剂PX对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶5种除草剂的增效作用最显著。不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对不同除草剂的增效作用不同,其中75 g (a.i.)/hm²代谢酶抑制剂PX对莠去津的增效最佳,株防除效果和鲜重防除效果分别增加了35.33个百分点和37.33个百分点。莠去津与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用后,稗草体内GST和CYP450活性均较对照显著降低。表明除草剂与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用能增加除草剂对稗草的防除效果,可以达到减施除草剂的目的。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.