基于MODIS数据的黄河三角洲地表温度研究

指出了地表温度作为地表能量平衡中的异常重要的参数之一,它在地表与大气相互作用过程当中发挥着非常重要的作用,在地表能量平衡的研究也扮演着重要角色,特别在气象、水文、地质、生态等众多领域有着非常广泛的应用需要。对现有的地表温度反演的4种算法进行比较,最终确定选择劈窗算法。根据劈窗算法的需要,对 M ODIS数据波段选取,反演出黄河三角洲地区地表温度,并且利用实测的地表温度进行反演结果精度分析。     

Impregnation of radiata pine wood by vacuum treatment II: effect of pre-steaming on wood structure and resin content

Radiata pine sapwood and heartwood were dried using high-temperature, conventional-temperature, and air drying schedules with and without pre-steaming. They were then impregnated by vacuum treatment with double-distilled water, toluidine blue, and fluorescein dye. For sapwood, there were only minor differences in uptake between drying methods and when pre-steaming was used. Using microscopy, the primary flow pathways in sapwood were found to be the resin canal network and ray parenchyma cells, which provided conduction without large resistance. In heartwood, uptake was strongly influenced by pre-steaming the green lumber. After pre-steaming heart-wood, there was an increase in uptake from all surfaces but especially from the radial surfaces. Lower extractive contents, disruption of epithelial and ray parenchyma cells, and alteration of the condition of bordered pits were also associated with pre-steaming. It was therefore possible to classify flow paths in radiata pine heartwood five ways, according to uptake values and wood anatomical features.This research was presented in part at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998.     

柠檬叶挥发性成分的提取及分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从柠檬叶中提取挥发油中的油相成分,进一步以乙醚为溶剂从蒸馏馏出液中萃取挥发油中的水溶性物质;利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)表征了二者的化学成分,根据气相色谱峰面积归一化法进行定量.通过表征和分析比较得到:柠檬叶挥发油油相成分得率为0.33％(以鲜叶计),确定了其中的30种成分,占油相成分总量的96.35％,其主要成分为d-柠檬烯(29.91％),其后依次为β-蒎烯(20.37％)、香茅醛(18.52％)、桧烯(5.74％).柠檬叶水溶性成分得率为0.03％(以鲜叶计),确定了其中的30种成分,占水相成分总量的97.94％,其主要成分为d-柠檬烯(30.33％)、香茅醛(21.88％)、β-蒎烯(19.83％)、桧烯(6.49％).     

Combination of lipids and emulsifiers enhances the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats

The effects of lipids, emulsifiers, and ethanol on the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats were investigated for its efficient intestinal absorption. Rats were administered 150 micromol/kg quercetin in water supplemented with lipids and/or emulsifiers, or ethanol, and blood was collected from the tail for 6 h after administration. Co-administration of lipids such as lecithin and soybean oil or emulsifiers including sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol fatty acid ester, and sodium taurocholate had no statistically significant effects on quercetin absorption, although these constituents rather increased the accumulation of conjugated forms of quercetin and those of isorhamnetin in rat plasma. However, the combination of lipids and emulsifiers enhanced the absorption of quercetin significantly. Thirty and fifty percent (v/v) of the ethanol in the vehicle raised the efficiency of quercetin absorption in a concentration-dependent manner. Quercetin absorption-enhancing effects of these constituents seemed to be affected by quercetin's solubility in respective vehicles used for the administration. Ethanol is not helpful for the effective absorption of quercetin, as a high concentration is required. In conclusion, a combination of lipids and emulsifiers is necessary for enhancing quercetin absorption.     

Quercetin-4'-glucoside is more potent than quercetin-3-glucoside in protection of rat intestinal mucosa homogenates against iron ion-induced lipid peroxidation

Quercetin is a typical antioxidative flavonoid found in vegetables, which is more commonly present as its glucosides, quercetin-3-glucoside (Q3G) and quercetin-4'-glucoside (Q4'G). The main aim of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of Q3G and Q4'G on iron ion-driven lipid peroxidation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Q4'G markedly suppressed the lipid peroxidation when rat gastrointestinal mucosa homogenates were incubated with Fe(NO3)3 and ascorbic acid. Its effectiveness was greater as compared to that of Q3G and comparable to that of quercetin aglycone. Furthermore, Q4'G yielded higher amounts of quercetin aglycone than Q3G on incubation with the homogenates. However, Q4'G showed a lower chelating activity in comparison to Q3G. These results indicate that Q4'G, even though it has a low chelating activity, because of its efficient conversion to antioxidative aglycone on exposure to the mucosa, can act as a powerful antioxidant on iron ion driven lipid peroxidation in the intestinal mucosa. Thus, vegetables rich in Q4'G, such as onion, are likely to serve as favorable antioxidant sources for suppressing iron-induced oxidative stress in the intestinal tract.     

抗沙门氏菌O_4、O_(12)抗原特异单克隆抗体的产生及其特性鉴定

用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的热灭活全菌和热酚—水抽提脂多糖抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾脏淋巴细胞与SP_2/O细胞融合,获得稳定分泌抗沙门氏菌O_4和O_(12)抗原的特异单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系7个,分别命名为AG24-1、AG90-5、BG1-8、BG17-12、BG66-10、BG78-15、EG19-11。小鼠腹水中的单抗直接凝集滴度为10~2-10~4,间接免疫荧光滴度为10~3-10~6。与沙门氏菌和肠杆菌科中其他细菌的反应性试验表明,BG78-15是O_(12)因子特异单抗,其他6种为对O_4因子的特异单抗。     

Optimizing the application of dairy farm effluent and manure to mitigate gas emission

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The impact of dairy farm effluent and manure applications upon gas emissions from soil is of concern for agronomic, ecological, and environmental reasons. Yet it...     

Soybean preference for Bradyrhizobium japonicum for nodulation

For examining the probability of increase in the occupation ratio of inoculated rhizobium in nodules, various Rj-soybean cultivars including the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-lines of soybean were grown in a field of the Kyushu University Farm. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 that carries uptake hydrogenase (Hup⁺) was used as an inoculum. The relative efficiency of nitrogen fixation generally increased by the inoculation. However, there were no significant differences in the effects among the genotypes of the host plants. The occupation ratio of serogroup USDA110 in the nodules on the taproot of the inoculated plants was in the range of 77–100%, suggesting that the B. japonicum strain USDA110 infected taproots immediately after inoculation. The occupation ratios in the nodules on the lateral roots were 53–67, 40–86, 63–83, and 62–77% in inoculated plants of the non-Rj-, Rj ₂ Rj ₃-, Rj ₄-, and Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes, respectively, and they decreased in all the genotypes with the progression of growth. At the time of the first sampling, the occupation ratios on the lateral roots of these Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes showed values intermediate between those of IAC-2 (Rj ₂ Rj ₃) and Hill (Rj ₄) , which were the parent cultivars of the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-lines, B340, B349, and C242. The reduction in the occupation ratio of the serogroup USDA110 for about 1 month after the first sampling was the lowest (0.13–0.16) in the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes, excluding B349, followed by the non-Rj- and Rj ₂ Rj ₃-genotypes and highest (0.52–0.69) in the Rj ₄-genotypes, excluding Hill. Therefore, it was considered that the population of compatible rhizobia with host soybean plants increased in the rhizosphere with the progression of the development and growth. The results showed that with the expansion of the root area of host plants, the occupation ratio of type A rhizobia including the serogroup USDA110 was high. Therefore, the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes were superior to other Rj-genotypes in terms of the inoculation effects of nodulation type A rhizobium, B. japonicum USDA110. However, the preference of the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotype for serogroup USDA110 is not sufficient to rule out the competition with the other serogroups in this study. Therefore, the study should be centered on the isolation of more efficient (Hup⁺) and highly compatible rhizobial strains with the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄- genotypes.     

一种快速检测抗沙门氏菌O抗原单克隆抗体的微量间接血凝试验

用热酚—水法提取沙门氏菌脂多糖(LPS),经pH8.0热处理后,致敏醛化的绵羊红血球,建立了一种快速检测抗沙门氏菌O抗原单克隆抗体的微量间接血凝试验。用致敏血球在96孔V型血凝板上与杂交瘤培养上清作凝集试验,数秒钟即能判定结果。本试验具有快速的特点,且有一定的敏感性。