蜜蜂肠道菌群的调节作用及影响因素

近年来, 蜜蜂数量的大量减少导致全球养蜂业面临重要的经济损失,并对农业各个方面造成了严重后果。最新的研究表明肠道菌群与宿主的健康息息相关。综述了肠道菌群的种类和特性,阐述了肠道菌群在蜜蜂等昆虫健康中的调节作用及影响肠道菌群的因素,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Characteristics and thermodynamics analysis ofoxyacetylene flame brazing joint of Cu/Al tubes

以磨盘柿为试材,研究不同液浸处理对冰温贮藏(-0.5～-0.2)℃柿果涩味转变、品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在冰温条件下,用2%浓度的NaCl溶液贮藏磨盘柿,可使果实的乙醇含量在贮藏30～45 d内急剧增加,促进可溶性单宁的降低,在贮藏45 d时达到完全脱涩,并可有效延缓果实硬度的下降,具有脱涩和保脆的双重作用,同时可保持相对较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,抑制贮藏后期果实丙二醛和膜相对电导率的增加,减缓果实的衰老进程。     

长沙市野生态动物园斑马蜱pcox1基因扩增及序列分析

为研究长沙市生态动物园引进的非洲肯尼亚斑马蜱的线粒体DNA的部分细胞色素C氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cytochrome coxidase subunit l,pcox1)基因序列的遗传变异情况,本研究对其线粒体pcox1基因序列进行PCR扩增,并使用DNAStar(V5.01)、Clustalx2.0及Phylip3.67进行分析。结果显示,几种斑马蜱为消色牛蜱、丽色扇头蜱和璃眼蜱属,种间差异为0.7%~20.2%,种内相似度较高,表明pcox1基因可作为蜱种间遗传变异研究的标记,研究结果为蜱的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查奠定了基础。     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

本试验通过研究纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响,旨在进一步探寻较低剂量纳米氧化锌替代高锌的可行性.将135头23日龄断奶仔猪按照体重相近、遗传基础相似的原则分为5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复9头,用纳米氧化锌和高剂量氧化锌(ZnO)进行饲养对比试验,试验期24 d.其中第1组为处理1组(0 mg/kg),第2,3,4组分别为200,400,600 mg/kg纳米氧化锌组,第5组为高锌组(3000 mg/kg ZnO).结果表明较处理1组(0 mg/kg)而言,无论是纳米氧化锌(200,400,600 mg/kg)还是高锌组(3000 mg/kg ZnO)均可极显著提高日增重(ADG)(P＜0.01);400 mg/kg纳米氧化锌组与高锌组(3000 mg/kg ZnO)在日增重方面差异不显著(P＞0.05).400 mg/kg纳米氧化锌降低腹泻率效果最好,较对照组(0 mg/kg)腹泻率降低49.1%,达到极显著性差异(P＜0.01),较高锌组(3000 mg/kg ZnO)腹泻率降低21.6%,达到极显著性差异(P＜0.01).根据ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料肉比(F/G)、腹泻率等指标综合得出,第3组(400 mg/kg Nano-ZnO)可以达到甚至超过第5组高锌组(3000 mg/kg ZnO)效果.     

哺乳期内仔猪群体间行为关系的研究

试验主要研究了仔猪不同哺乳周期的行为联系。试验分别选择6头经产的民猪、长白猪及其仔猪作为观察对象,研究哺乳期间2猪种间的仔猪交流信息随时间变化的情况及品种间差异。结果表明:随着产后日龄的增加,哺乳期间一系列行为都发生了变化,仔猪间接触的行为会逐渐增加,但哺乳的第2￣3周又会逐渐减弱。     

花粉主要营养成分与保健功能

6 眼病与蜂花粉 眼视力一般随老年人年龄增加而下降。研究发现，眼疾与B族维生素和维生素c密切相关。另外，白内障是老年人致盲的主要原因。尽管目前原因尚不十分了解，但与老年人晶状抗氧能力减弱和脂类过氧化增强有关。     

Effects of Energy,Protein and Amino Acids Levels on the Development of Mammary Gland and the Growth of Fetus in Sows at Late Gestation

Late gestation is an important period for rapid development of the sow's mammary gland and fetus. It is becoming more and more important to provide a suitable nutrient level in late gestation period for improve the reproductive efficiency of sow. Demand of energy, protein and amino acids for mammary gland and fetus in sows at late gestation are different. To provide reasonable nutrition for fetus, at the same time for the needs of mammary gland are still seldom reported. In this paper, the effects of dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels on the development of mammary gland and the growth of fetus were reviewed,the authors propose the requirement of energy, protein amino acid and reasonable proportion in sows at late gestation, in order to give some guidance for pig farmers.     

貂,貉,犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断试剂的研究

用金黄葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）协同凝集方法（ＣｏＡ）对貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断的试剂进行了制备，确定了制备。艺及该制剂的标准操作程序。本制剂特异性强，不与健康动物的组织及其他几种病毒病（犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、狂犬病等）发生交叉凝集反应，灵敏度高，通过该制剂ＣｏＡ法与ＨＡ－ＨＩ法比较结果比现行的貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎ＨＡ－ＨＩ诊断方法检出率高出３０％，同时具有微量、操作简便、易掌握、快速等特点，可在３～５ｍｉｎ获得诊断结果。     

伊克昭盟牧草和饲料作物应用增产菌技术的试验

199年伊克昭盟引入了牧草和饲料作物增产菌这一技术,经过7年的试验,示范及推广,至今全盟该增产菌应用面积已达4．04万hm^2,本文通过7年来在两种不同生境下,对12种牧草及作物的不同物修期采用不同方法施用增产菌,以鲜草产量和种子产量为衡量标准来探讨增产菌对不同牧草及作物的增产效果,实验结果表明：增产菌技术的应用,促进了植物的生长,使植株长高,叶面积增大,加强了光合作用,在提高鲜草产量的同时也增加了籽实的产量,具有较强的推广价值,是一项在农牧区适用的增产技术。