保鲜剂对贮运过程中哈密瓜品质的影响

以‘西州密25号’为试验材料,研究了经保鲜剂处理的哈密瓜‘西州密25号’在短途运输过程中可溶性固形物含量、失重率、硬度、腐烂率的变化情况。结果表明,经保鲜剂处理的哈密瓜的可溶性固形物含量(17.94%)低于未处理的(18.16%)、A组的腐烂率(20%)低于对照组(60%),此外保鲜剂的使用还可以抑制果肉硬度和果实质量的下降,从而延长货架期,保持优良品质,保证商家的利益。     

复合涂膜结合紫外处理对鲜切木瓜冷藏品质的影响

为了延长鲜切木瓜的保鲜时间,利用尼辛、那他霉素、薄荷油、氯化钙、香兰素、壳聚糖制成复合保鲜涂膜液,考察涂膜及紫外线处理对木瓜鲜切块贮藏品质(包括色泽、可溶性固形物含量、失水率、维生素C含量、可滴定酸、霉菌酵母数、菌落总数)的影响。由均匀设计试验优化涂膜液配方以及紫外线处理参数。研究结果表明:涂膜及紫外线处理可较好地保持鲜切木瓜的色泽,抑制褐变,保持较高的可溶性固形物含量,减少贮藏过程中的水分损失,抑制霉菌、酵母菌和细菌的增长。采用SAS软件建立各参数与菌落总数关系的回归方程。利用非线性规划法得到较佳的复合涂膜配方与紫外线处理参数为:壳聚糖质量分数1.0%,氯化钙质量分数0.6%,Nisin0.10g/kg,那他霉素14.0mg/kg,香兰素质量分数0.3%,薄荷油1.5mL/L,紫外照射时间22min,紫外照射距离范围44～66cm。此复合涂膜配方与紫外线处理可使货架期至少达到6天,为鲜切木瓜保鲜提供技术参考。     

苜蓿组织培养研究进展

苜蓿Medicago spp.组织培养已在多个种上取得成功,且以紫花苜蓿M. sativa最多。对苜蓿组织培养的外植体选择、培养基组成成分、愈伤组织和体细胞胚的诱导、植株再生以及基因型的选择5个方面阐述了苜蓿组织培养的研究现状。并进一步对目前存在的问题和发展趋势进行了归纳,以期为苜蓿基因工程和细胞工程研究提供有益的借鉴。     

阿维菌素和硫线磷对南方根结线虫的毒力

利用阿维菌素和硫线磷处理南方根结线虫离体卵与幼虫,测试其对线虫卵和卵块孵化以及对2龄幼虫的致死作用、活动能力、侵入能力的影响。结果表明阿维菌素和硫线磷均对线虫卵和卵块的孵化表现很强的抑制作用,阿维菌素5 μg/mL处理24 h对卵孵化抑制率高达82.57%,而硫线磷40 μg/mL处理24 h对卵孵化抑制率为73.05%;阿维菌素和硫线磷处理48 h对2龄幼虫的LD50分别为7.346 1、13.345 6 μg/mL;在阿维菌素2 μg/mL和硫线磷3 μg/mL处理中,2龄幼虫在沙柱中的平均移动距离仅为0.04 cm和0.05 cm,而对照处理的线虫平均移动距离为1.04 cm;在阿维菌素2 μg/mL和硫线磷50 μg/mL处理2龄幼虫48 h后,对番茄根部的侵入率为0.12%和0.45%,而空白对照处理线虫的侵入率达21.85%。     

绵羊肺炎支原体恒温热隔绝式PCR方法的建立

为建立绵羊肺炎支原体(Mo)感染疾病的现场便捷化诊断方法,本研究选择Mo高度保守区域tuf基因设计合成一对特异性引物和探针,建立了恒温热隔绝式PCR(iiPCR)方法并对其特异性、灵敏性进行评价。结果显示,建立的iiPCR方法仅对Mo的典型菌株和其临床分离菌株的DNA呈阳性结果,具有较强的特异性;对Mo基因组DNA的检出下限为24fg/μL,具有较高的敏感性。利用该方法检测临床样品,结果显示该方法可以从临床采集的羊鼻拭子及支气管拭子中检测出MoDNA,对扩增产物的测序表明检测结果具有较高的准确性。本研究建立的iiPCR方法为Mo的检测及其感染疾病的诊断提供了快速、便捷的技术手段。     

Androgen- and estrogen-dependent sex differences in host resistance to Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in Wistar rats

The effects of male and female sex hormones on the protective capacity of Wistar rats against infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis were investigated. Male rats were more susceptible than females in terms of worm recovery from the lungs. Orchidectomy of male animals significantly reduced the plasma testosterone concentration and increased host resistance to the migratory stages of S. venezuelensis larvae. In contrast, ovariectomy of female animals significantly decreased host resistance in association with a significant reduction of estrogen levels. To examine the direct effect of sex hormones, exogenous testosterone and estrogen were implanted into animals. Susceptibility significantly increased or decreased in ovariectomized females given testosterone or estrogen, respectively. These results suggest that male and female sex hormones are important in the down- and up-regulation of host resistance against S. venezuelensis in Wistar rats.     

膜孔灌灌施条件下硝态氮迁移分布规律研究

利用自行研制的膜孔点源入渗装置,测试膜孔灌灌施条件下硝态氮的迁移和分布规律。结果表明:在肥液连续入渗过程中,硝态氮浓度锋运移与水分湿润锋是一致的;随着距离膜孔中心距离的增加,NO3-N含量减小,在湿润锋位置处土壤NO3-N含量急剧减小到本底值;进入再分布过程后,土壤水分运移速度减慢,整个湿润土体内的含水量分布更加均匀;再分布1~7天内,硝态氮含量略有下降,再分布10天后,硝态氮反硝化作用增强,径向处的反硝化作用弱于垂向处,硝态氮含量明显降低。     

GAPB基因原核表达载体的构建

以拟南芥cDNA为模板,用PCR扩增出GAPB的基因全长,然后将GAPB基因片段连接到PET28a（＋）载体上,构建重组质粒并转化大肠杆菌DH5α,经菌落PCR和酶切鉴定筛选出阳性克隆,测序正确后,再将阳性克隆的质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）。结果表明：成功构建了原核表达载体PET28a（＋）-GAPB,为后续的G...     

Dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in a herd of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of infection for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in a herd of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). ANIMALS: 29 sows and 250 pigs. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were collected from all 3-, 7-, and 12-week old pigs and 59 pigs at 28 weeks of age. Pigs that died during the study were necropsied. Porcine parvovirus and PCV2 antibodies were assayed. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect PCV2 genome in serum of selected pigs. RESULTS: The PMWS started when pigs were 8 weeks old, with a prevalence of 30% in 8- to 10-week-old pigs. Eighty-three pigs died during the period between 3 and 12 weeks of age. Microscopic lesions consistent with PMWS were observed, and PCV2 nucleic acid was detected (50 of 68 pigs). Antibodies to PCV2 decreased from 3 to 7 weeks of age, increased at 12 weeks of age, and were maintained until 28 weeks of age. One sow had a positive result for PCR of serum. Nine, 37 and 8 pigs had PCV2 genome in serum obtained at 7, 12, and 28 weeks of age, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infection with PCV2 coincided with severe clinical signs; however, infected 28-week-old pigs did not have evidence of disease. Immunity declined over time in young pigs. A long duration of PCV2 viremia was apparent in a high percentage of infected pigs, which may affect transmission and persistence of the virus in a herd.