菊花CmWRKY4基因克隆及表达分析

WRKY转录因子在植物生长发育和逆境胁迫应答中具有重要作用。本研究克隆了一个菊花WRKY基因CmWRKY4,编码区长1 344 bp,编码447个氨基酸,预测分子量约为49.69 kD,等电点为6.62。推测的氨基酸序列中含有2个高度保守的WRKY结构域。亚细胞定位预测CmWRKY4蛋白定位于细胞核。进化树分析发现,CmWRKY4和拟南芥At WRKY3,AtWRKY20和At WRKY25聚在一个分支。组织特异性表达模式分析表明CmWRKY4在检测的组织中都有表达,在根中表达量最低,在叶中表达量最高。Cm WRKY4基因的表达受干旱诱导,说明菊花CmWRKY4基因可能参与菊花对干旱胁迫的应答。     

禅茶馆的定位与室内设计初探

以禅茶馆——茶馆领域新业态为研究对象,在探讨了茶文化与禅文化相互交融形成"茶禅一味"理念的基础上,对禅茶馆进行了定义,围绕着茶馆"禅意"的呈现,提出了"六根共识"——即"眼、鼻、耳、舌、身、意"的全方位感受的室内设计方案,以期为禅茶馆的设计提供有益参考,传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化。     

Degradation and kinetic modeling of polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous solutions by a H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Mn(II) system

This paper is about the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous solutions using a H2O2/Mn(II) system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were applied to analyze the degradation products of PVA, and the results revealed that the backbone chain of PVA could be effectively broken and oxidized. Several unsaturated degradation products, including carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, olefins, and alkynes were also detected and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which indicated that higher treatment temperatures would considerably promote the generation of lower molecular weight degradation products. According to the work presented in this paper, the degradation efficiency of PVA increased from 55 % at 60 oC to 99 % at 90 oC after treatment when the initial PVA concentration was 5 %, at pH=3 with a H2O2 and Mn(II) dose of 100 ml/l and 0.6 mol/l, respectively. In addition, kinetic modeling indicated that the experimental results were best fitted by the Page-modified model with an activation energy of 48.78 kJ/mol.     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病发生特点及防治技术

猕猴桃溃疡病是由一种细菌性病菌—丁香假单胞猕猴桃致病变种(P.syringae pv.actinidiae,Psa)引起的。该病害毁灭性极强,具有感染范围广、传播速度快、致病能力强,防治难度大等特点,目前已对全世界猕猴桃产业造成了重大经济损失。笔者基于近年来国内外的研究报道,从猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的发生状况、症状表现、发生规律、鉴定检测、防治方法等方面进行综述,旨在为猕猴桃溃疡病的预防和治疗提供参考。     

Successive grafting confers juvenility traits to adult Spanish red cedar (Cedrela odorata Linnaeus): a tool for the rescue of selected materials

New Forests - Spanish red cedar, Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), is a valuable timber tree in tropical American forests. Existing demand for elite individuals endangers the conservation of...     

Effect of carbon rate and type amended with ammonium or nitrate on nitrous oxide emissions in a strong ammonia oxidation soil

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The work aimed to (1) better understand how C rate and type affecting N2O emissions when combined application with different N forms in a strong ammonia oxidation...     

有机肥部分替代化肥氮对叶菜产量和环境效应的影响

针对叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的最佳替代比例及对经济效益和环境效应综合评价较缺乏等问题,本研究采用田间试验,对包心菜和小青菜进行等氮水平下不同比例有机肥替代化肥处理,包括:纯化肥氮(0M),25%、50%、75%和100%有机肥替代化肥(25%M、50%M、75%M和100%M),研究不同处理下蔬菜产量、经济效益、土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放。结果表明, 25%M处理下包心菜和小青菜产量均达最高,且与0M处理相比包心菜和小青菜的产量分别增加15.0%(P0.05)和16.3%(P0.05)。25%M比0M处理经济效益分别增加11.7%和5.4%,但在50%M、75%M和100%M处理下经济效益为负增长。25%M处理下,氨挥发累积排放量在包心菜和小青菜季分别为42.1kg·hm~(-2)和12.9kg·hm~(-2),比0M处理分别降低23.4%(P0.05)和41.6%(P0.05); 0M和25%M处理间氧化亚氮累积排放量无显著差异, 25%M处理在包心菜和小青菜季的氧化亚氮累积排放量分别为0.74 kg·hm~(-2)和3.06 kg·hm~(-2);与25%M处理相比, 50%M、75%M和100%M处理下氧化亚氮排放分别增加33.7%～60.8%(P0.05)、50.0%～134.3%(P0.05)和56.8%～185.6%(P0.05)。基于此,提出叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的适宜替代比例在25%左右时可实现最佳的增效减排效果。     

华北平原不同种植制度对粮食作物氮素利用和土壤氮库的影响

冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟是华北平原粮食作物的主要种植制度,存在氮肥利用率低、土壤氮素过量累积问题。为探索华北平原氮素高效利用的适宜种植制度,采用15N示踪技术,基于3 a田间定位试验,对一年两熟冬小麦-夏玉米的常规水氮和优化水氮、两年三熟冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米与冬小麦-夏大豆-春玉米及一年一熟春玉米3种种植制度的作物产量、15N利用率、氮素去向和土壤氮库表观平衡进行研究。结果表明,两年三熟的冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米产量为32 248.52 kg/hm2,分别比一年两熟和一年一熟提高22.16%和52.88%;15N利用率为33.36%,比一年一熟提高26.12%。3种植制度的氮肥去向最高为土壤残留,其次为作物吸收和损失,两年三熟冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米的作物吸氮量最高为151.82 kg/hm2,土壤氮库表观盈余量为21.22 kg/hm2,显著低于其他种植制度。综合分析,冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米两年三熟在稳产高产和提高氮素利用率上具有可持续的潜力,是华北平原未来较为理想的种植制度。