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991.
The effects of two non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on the mobility of laying hens with keel bone fractures
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Mohammed AF Nasr Christine J Nicol Lindsay Wilkins Joanna C Murrell 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(2):197-204
ObjectiveInvestigate the effects of administration of meloxicam and carprofen on the mobility of hens with and without keel fractures.Study designWithin each of two experiments a ‘blinded’ randomised cross over design whereby birds received either the test drug (carprofen or meloxicam) or saline.AnimalsTwo groups of Lohman Brown hens with and without keel bone fractures.MethodsThe first group (n = 63) was treated with carprofen 25 mg kg−1 and saline subcutaneously, twice. The second group (n = 40) was treated with meloxicam (5 mg kg−1) and saline subcutaneously. The latency of birds to fly down from perches 50, 100 and 150 cm above the ground was measured after each treatment. Data from experiment 1 and 2 were analysed separately; the effects of drug treatment compared with saline on landing time for birds with and without keel bone fractures were evaluated using MLwiN.ResultsIn both experiments latency to fly down from perches was longer in hens with keel fractures and there was a significant interaction between perch height and fracture status. For carprofen, at the 50 cm, 100 cm and 150 cm perch heights, birds with fractures took (mean ± SD) 2.5 ± 2.9, 6.8 ± 9.7 and 11.5 ± 13.2 seconds respectively to fly down compared with 1.3 ± 0.5, 2.3 ± 1.2 and 4.2 ± 3.1 seconds for birds without fractures. For meloxicam, at the 50 cm, 100 cm and 150 cm perch heights, birds with fractures took 2.9 ± 2.5, 49.8 ± 85.4 and 100.3 ± 123.6 seconds respectively compared with 0.7 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 7.1 and 3.0 ± 4.6 seconds to fly down for birds without fractures. There was no significant effect of carprofen or meloxicam treatment.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese data provide further confirmation that keel fractures reduce the willingness of birds to move from perches. 相似文献
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A previous investigation of thechemical characteristics of precipitation in theWielkopolski National Park has shown its high acidity,which sometimes drops below pH 3.0. This paper dealswith the leaching of potassium and sodium ions by acidrain from typical soils of the study area. Laboratoryexperiments were conducted on undisturbed soil cores(15 cm in diameter, 50 cm high) with acid solutions of pH 3.0, pH 2.0 and with water of pH 5.6 (control). The sprinkling lasted 30 days simulating a rainfall of 400 mm. The eluates were analysed daily. Soil propertiesand forms of potassium and sodium were determinedbefore and after treatment. The investigations showthat quite significant amounts of K+ andNa+ can be leached from the soil: in the very acidtreatment (pH 2.0) about 4 mg K+ and 3 mgNa+ per kg of soil. The leaching of these elementswas smaller in the pH 3.0 and 5.6 treatments.Differences in the dynamics of the process are shownin the leaching curves. In the case of potassium theirshapes are smooth when pH is 5.6 and 3.0, while at pH2.0 the curves rise sharply. The leaching curves inthe case of sodium do not show sharp peaks, whichmeans that the leaching is slow and equalised. 相似文献
994.
Elzbieta Gujska Joanna Michalak Joanna Klepacka 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):129-134
High-performance liquid chromatography was used to study the stability of folate vitamers in two types of rye breads after
baking and 16 weeks of frozen storage. Bread made using sourdough seeds contained less total folate (74.6 μg/100 g dry basis,
expressed as folic acid) than the whole rye flour (79.8 μg/100 g dry basis) and bread leavened only with baker’s yeast (82.8 μg/100 g
dry basis). Most importantly, it was generated by a significant decrease in 5-CH3-H4folate form. The baking process caused some changes in folate distribution. Storage of breads at -18°C for 2 weeks did not
have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on total folates compared to the content directly after baking. After a 5-weeks storage
period, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the content of total folates was recorded and it dropped on average by 14% for
both type of breads. After a longer period of storage (16 weeks), a 25% loss of folates in the bread made with baker’s yeast
and a 38% loss in the bread fermented with sourdough seeds was found. Retention of 5-CH3-H4folate and 10-HCO-H2folate forms were much lower in the bread made with a sourdough addition than with baker’s yeast only. 相似文献
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Sławomir Wróbel 《Potato Research》2015,58(4):329-342
The aim of this research was to assess the rate of increase in the level of tuber infection by PVY, PVM, and PLRV during three consecutive years of multiplication in the field for 17 new cultivars registered in Poland in 2009–2011 and for two cultivars not listed in the registry but popularly cultivated. The research was conducted in Bonin near Koszalin (north-western Poland) in 2010–2013. Tuber infection was assessed using DAS ELISA in a grow-out test in the winter-spring period. Among the 19 cultivars examined, eight had high resistance to PVY (above grade 8 on a scale of 1–9); during the 3-year research period, they were not infected. Also, cv. Gawin seemed more resistant than previously assumed. In contrast, cvs. Hermes and Sylvana, which were rated in the Netherlands as quite resistant, were clearly very susceptible (grade 3–4) in Polish conditions, as within 2 years 100% of tubers were infected with this virus. The greatest susceptibility to PVM was shown by cvs. Danuta and Stasia, 50% of which were infected, despite moderate exposure to the virus. Cultivars Zenia, Etiuda, Jubilat, and Viviana appeared very resistant to PVM as the number of infected tubers did not exceed 5%. PVM was not detected in the tubers of cvs. Bursztyn, Gustaw, and Legenda, which confirmed that these cultivars possess the Rm gene. Not all cultivars regarded susceptible (grade 3–4) to PLRV were infected. The virus was not found in tubers of cv. Bursztyn, while in cv. Hermes, assessed in the Netherlands as being quite resistant, almost 40% of tubers were infected. 相似文献
997.
Piotr Kamiński Małgorzata Podwyszyńska Michał Starzycki Elżbieta Starzycka-Korbas 《Euphytica》2016,208(3):519-534
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Daniel Żarski Katarzyna Targońska Rafał Kaszubowski Patrick Kestemont Pascal Fontaine Sławomir Krejszeff Krzysztof Kupren Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(4):819-828
Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), has been identified as one of the most perspective candidates for diversification of freshwater aquaculture. However, some aspects of production are still being developed, and controlled reproduction is one of the bottlenecks. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of different commercial spawning agents in the induction of final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation in wild spawners. Within the study, four spawning agents [human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), mixed human and horse gonadotropin (PG-600), carp pituitary (CPH) and mammalian GnRH analogue combined with metoclopramide (Ovopel)] in different thermal regimes (13 and 15 °C) were tested. In both thermal regimes, the highest (P < 0.05) ovulation rate among the treatment groups was obtained after stimulation with hCG (100 % in both cases). Latency time was the shortest in groups where CPH was used (2–3 and 3–4 days for 15 and 13 °C) and was similar in the remaining groups (3–4 and 4–5 days for 15 and 13 °C, respectively). Embryo survival was the highest in groups treated with hCG (78.9 and 81.3 % at hatching stage for 15 and 13 °C, respectively). Hormonal stimulation did not significantly affect spermiation rate or spermatozoa motility (P > 0.05). Based on the obtained results, hCG can be recommended for induction of FOM and ovulation in pikeperch. In addition, the thermal regime within the tested range seemed to have no effect on the reproduction outcome, and the application of lower temperature only prolonged the time of ovulation. 相似文献