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161.
Horvatovich P Miesch M Hasselmann C Delincée H Marchioni E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5836-5841
The 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are formed from triglycerides by irradiation treatment and may be used as markers for this type of food processing. This paper describes a detection method for the analysis of monounsaturated alkyl side chain 2-ACBs, which is formed upon irradiation from monounsaturated fatty acids which frequently are the most abundant fatty acids in foods. The estimated radioproduction yields of the cis-2-(dodec-5'-enyl)-cyclobutanones (cis-2-dDeCB) and the cis-2-(tetradec-5'-enyl)-cyclobutanones (cis-2-tDeCB) were 1.0 +/- 0.5 and 0.9 +/- 0.2 nmol.mmol(-1) precursor fatty acid.kGy(-1), respectively, being similar to that of saturated 2-ACBs. The stability study of the s- and mu-2-ACBs in poultry meat samples irradiated at 10 kGy and stored for 3-4 weeks at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C showed that these compounds undergo some transformation, their amounts being reduced by about 50%. These storage losses did not depend on the saturation state of the alkyl side chain. The EI-MS detection limit of 2-tDeCB is 3 times higher (0.6 pmol) than that of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (0.2 pmol). Consequently, when the oleic acid content of the analyzed food exceeds the content of palmitic acid by a factor of 3, it would be of an advantage to apply 2-tDeCB as a marker for detection of the irradiation treatment. 相似文献
162.
Wareham NJ Jakes RW Rennie KL Schuit J Mitchell J Hennings S Day NE 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(4):407-413
163.
164.
Jeong SM Kim SY Kim DR Jo SC Nam KC Ahn DU Lee SC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3389-3393
The effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from Citrus unshiu peels was evaluated. Citrus peels (CP) (5 g) were placed in Pyrex Petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) and heat-treated at 50, 100, or 150 degrees C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min in an electric muffle furnace. After heat treatment, 70% ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE) (0.1 g/10 mL) of CP were prepared, and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of CP extracts increased as heating temperature increased. For example, heat treatment of CP at 150 degrees C for 60 min increased the TPC, RSA, and reducing power of EE from 71.8 to 171.0 microM, from 29.64 to 64.25%, and from 0.45 to 0.82, respectively, compared to non-heat-treated control. In the case of WE from CP heat-treated at the same conditions (150 degrees C for 60 min), the TPC, RSA, and reducing power also increased from 84.4 to 204.9 microM, from 15.81 to 58.26%, and from 0.27 to 0.96, respectively. Several low molecular weight phenolic compounds such as 2,3-diacetyl-1-phenylnaphthalene, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldoxime, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 2,3-diacetyl-1-phenylnaphthalene, and vanillic acid were newly formed in the CP heated at 150 degrees C for 30 min. These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of CP extracts was significantly affected by heating temperature and duration of treatment on CP and that the heating process can be used as a tool for increasing the antioxidant activity of CP. 相似文献
165.
This paper offers projections of potential effects of climate change on rusts of wheat and how we should factor in a changing
climate when planning for the future management of these diseases. Even though the rusts of wheat have been extensively studied
internationally, there is a paucity of information on the likely effects of a changing climate on the rusts and their influence
on wheat production. Due to the lack of published empirical research we relied on the few published studies of other plant
diseases, our own unpublished work and relevant information from the vast literature on rusts of wheat to prepare this overview.
Three broad areas of potential risks from a changing climate were described: increased loss from wheat rusts, new rust pathotypes
evolving faster and the reduced effectiveness of rust resistances. Increased biomass of wheat crops grown in the presence
of elevated CO2 concentrations and higher temperatures will increase the leaf area available for attack by the pathogen leading to increased
inoculum production. If changed weather conditions were to accelerate the life cycle of a pathogen, the increased inoculum
can lead to severe rust epidemics in many environments. Likewise should the effects of climate change result in more conducive
conditions for rust development there will also be a corresponding increase in the rate of evolution of new pathotypes which
could increase the rate of appearance of new virulences. The effectiveness of some rust resistance genes is influenced by
temperature and crop development stage. Climate change may directly or indirectly influence the effectiveness of some resistance
genes but this can not be ascertained due to a complete lack of knowledge. Since disease resistance breeding is a long term
strategy it is important to determine if any of the important genes may become less effective due to climate change. Studies
must be made to acquire new information on the rust disease triangle to increase the adaptive capacity of wheat under climate
change. Leadership within the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) is needed to broker research on rust evolution and the
durability of resistance under climate change. 相似文献
166.
本文对β-兴奋剂的化学结构、作用机理、应用情况、检测方法以及使用不当 可能产生的负作用和毒性估计作了比较详尽的综述. 相似文献
167.
果树2n配子育种较其他植物起步晚,尤其是利用2n花粉进行育种的研究在柑橘上还无先例。试验中初步观察了柑橘属部分品种的2n花粉自然发生情况,证实了柑橘属内未减数花粉的存在。同时通过秋水仙碱不同浓度与作用时间处理促进了柑橘2n花粉的发生,将长寿沙田柚2n花粉发生比例由当年的自然发生率0.87%提高到9.76%。初步观察了2n花粉离体萌发状况,其萌发率与花粉管伸长速度较为正常,但萌发启动比单倍性花粉慢。 相似文献
168.
169.
The structure of the first coordination shell in liquid water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wernet P Nordlund D Bergmann U Cavalleri M Odelius M Ogasawara H Näslund LA Hirsch TK Ojamäe L Glatzel P Pettersson LG Nilsson A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5673):995-999
X-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray Raman scattering were used to probe the molecular arrangement in the first coordination shell of liquid water. The local structure is characterized by comparison with bulk and surface of ordinary hexagonal ice Ih and with calculated spectra. Most molecules in liquid water are in two hydrogen-bonded configurations with one strong donor and one strong acceptor hydrogen bond in contrast to the four hydrogen-bonded tetrahedral structure in ice. Upon heating from 25 degrees C to 90 degrees C, 5 to 10% of the molecules change from tetrahedral environments to two hydrogen-bonded configurations. Our findings are consistent with neutron and x-ray diffraction data, and combining the results sets a strong limit for possible local structure distributions in liquid water. Serious discrepancies with structures based on current molecular dynamics simulations are observed. 相似文献
170.
CaCl_2和6-BA处理对枣果呼吸强度及贮藏品质的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究了赞皇大枣和胜利枣采后在 0℃条件下呼吸强度和果实品质的变化规律以及采前 Ca Cl2 和 6 - BA处理对采后枣果呼吸强度和果实品质的影响。结果表明 ,赞皇大枣和胜利枣属于非跃变型果实 ;在贮藏过程中 V- C含量先积累后降低 ;采后果肉硬度逐渐下降且与贮藏时间呈极显著负相关 (r1 =- 0 .936 46 ,r2 =0 .936 2 4)。采前Ca Cl2 、6 - BA以及 Ca Cl2 +6 - BA处理 ,均能降低采后枣果的呼吸强度 ,但作用效果不显著。 1% Ca Cl2 和 1% Ca Cl2 +15 mg/ L 6 - BA处理能明显降低 V- C损失率 ,抑制果肉硬度和好果率的下降。 1% Ca Cl2 处理可使赞皇大枣和胜利枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度分别比对照增加 1.2 kg/ cm2 和 1.5 kg/ cm2 ,好果率分别增加 8.2 %和 5 .4% ;1% Ca Cl2 +15 m g/L 6 - BA处理可使赞皇大枣和胜利枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度分别增加 1.5 kg/ cm2和 2 .1kg/ cm2 ,好果率增加 17.8%和 11.7%。 15 m g/ L6 - BA处理对枣果的呼吸强度及果实品质有一定影响 ,但作用效果总体上不及 Ca Cl2 。 相似文献