柑桔黄梢(黄龙)病热治疗的初步研究

已經发生黄梢病的2年生椪柑嫁接苗,經湿热空气48°、49°及50℃处理31、35及40分钟后定植,大部分可恢复健康。一小部分起初生长正常,但8个月后仍发病。恢复健康的树一部分后来又受侵染,21个月后重新发病。其余的则始終保持健康。已經发生黄梢病的3年生蕉柑树,经湿热空气48°、49°、50℃分别处理45、50、55、60、65分钟和51℃处理35、40、45、50、55分钟后重植,全部恢复健康,迄今(28个月后)未見一株发病。試驗結果说明带有黄梢病毒的接穗芽条和苗木,經48°—51℃的湿热空气处理45—60分钟后,均可能成为安全的繁殖或种植材料。经适当高温处理后的椪柑病苗,绝大部分从主干基部或中部抽出徒长梢,一部分还从砧木长出徒长梢。一部分蕉柑病树经热处理后也同样长出徒长梢。这些徒长梢生长迅速,很快就超过原来主干顶部枝梢的高度,有的到第二年还可开花結实。说明热处理对柑桔类的組織有一定刺激生长作用。且不影响开花結果。     

Clusters of coupled neuroblasts in embryonic neocortex.

The neocortex of the brain develops from a simple germinal layer into a complex multilayer structure. To investigate cellular interactions during early neocortical development, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made from neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of fetal rats. During early corticogenesis, neuroblasts are physiologically coupled by gap junctions into clusters of 15 to 90 cells. The coupled cells form columns within the ventricular zone and, by virtue of their membership in clusters, have low apparent membrane resistances and generate large responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. As neuronal migration out of the ventricular zone progresses, the number of cells within the clusters decreases. These clusters allow direct cell to cell interaction at the earliest stages of corticogenesis.     

Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphism in Tunisian grapevine genome and their potential for population genetics and evolutionary studies

In this study, two gene fragments corresponding to the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 loci were sequenced on a sample of grapes including cultivated and wild accessions originating from Tunisia, Germany and France. A total of 42 SNPs were detected in the sequenced fragments giving an average of 1 SNP every 33 bp. High level of polymorphism was observed in the samples either in cultivated or wild accessions. Pattern of nucleotide diversity indicates a non departure from neutrality expectations for wild grapevine sample for gene VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 and for cultivated sample for gene VvMYBA1. However, a linkage to a selective sweep was revealed for cultivated grapevine gene pool in gene VvMYBA2. A genetic structure of the studied sample according to accession taxonomic status was revealed by the UPGMA clustering with a considerable overlap. This result was confirmed by significant but low genetic differentiation values between cultivated and wild sample. The number of migrants Nm based on sequence data information between Tunisian cultivars and Tunisian wild accessions showed a low level of gene flow between those germplasms. This finding indicates that Tunisian cultivars do not derive directly from local wild populations but could mostly correspond to imported materials introduced during historical times. However, the possibility that some cultivars derived from ancestral events of local domestication or cross hybridization with native wild plants was not completely excluded for Tunisian grapevine accessions.     

An alternative solution for the determination of elastic parameters in free–free flexural vibration of a Timoshenko beam

An alternative inversion solution is presented to compute the elastic parameters based on the Timoshenko equation of motion in free flexural vibration. The interest of this solution was its relatively simple formulation and its validity domain, which was not restricted to the initial frequencies and a certain range of length-to-height ratio. The uniqueness of the solution was verified numerically, and the best optimization strategy was deduced. It was underlined that the shear modulus determination depended on the length-to-height ratio coupled with the number of resonance frequencies involved in the computation. The accuracy of the computed elastic modulus values was in the same scale as that for the measurement errors of frequency. However, the sensitivity of the shear modulus was found to be very high and depended on the number of frequencies taken into account. The theoretical model was found to be more accurate and to better estimate the frequency values than a classic solution of the Timoshenko equation. Furthermore, the inversion procedure gave equivalent elastic property values to those obtained with a classic solution (in the validity range of the classic solution) and was more robust when the number of frequencies taken into account was low.     

Survey of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in small animals in general practice

A survey was made of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in small animals in general practice in the UK. Out of 3707 small animal consultations in general practice that were observed and recorded, 795 (21.4 per cent) involved animals that had a dermatological problem. In dogs and exotic species, pruritus was the most common presenting sign, accounting for 30 to 40 per cent of the dermatological consultations. In cats, cutaneous swellings were the most common presentation (36 per cent). A diagnosis or recommendation for treatment was made on the basis of the presenting clinical signs and physical examination alone in 576 (72 per cent) of the cases, and various diagnostic tests were performed in the other cases. In dogs, parasitic infestations, bacterial infections and neoplasia accounted for the majority of the diagnoses. In cats, parasites and bacterial infections were the most common. In exotic species, parasites accounted for over 80 per cent of the dermatological diagnoses. In dogs, the most common final diagnoses were otitis, pyoderma, anal sac impaction, flea infestation and atopic dermatitis. In cats, abscesses, flea infestation, and otitis were the most common diagnoses. In exotic species, the most common diagnosis was an unspecified mite infestation. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed in 196 cases (25 per cent), systemic glucocorticoids were prescribed in 162 cases (20 per cent) and treatment with an ectoparasiticide was prescribed in 167 cases (21 per cent).     

Preliminary analysis of toxicity of benzoxazinones and their metabolites for folsomia Candida

The overall objective of this study was to explore the toxicity of benzoxazinone allelochemicals and their metabolites to Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae) (Willem, 1902). Experimental tests showed transformation products to have more pronounced toxicity than parent compounds. The underlying relationship between the chemical structure and toxicity was then studied using three-dimensional QSAR approaches, and results highlighted the role of the steric contribution.