Factors Affecting Sensory Quality of Cooked japonica Rice

The sensory quality of cooked rice is an important factor in determining its market price, as well as consumer acceptance and breeding efforts aimed at improvement of rice grain quality. In this study,the sensory quality and physicochemical properties of three japonica rice varieties harvested in two different growing locations(Xiangshui and Hangzhou of China) were compared to determine the most important factors affecting the sensory quality. All the three varieties had higher scores for overall sensory quality in Xiangshui than in Hangzhou, indicating that the growing location is a key factor in determining the sensory quality of cooked japonica rice. In addition to growing location, variety(genotype) also had an important effect. Longdao 18 scored the highest for overall sensory quality in the two locations, whereas Longdao 30 had the lowest score in Xiangshui, and both Longdao 20 and Longdao 30 had the lowest scores in Hangzhou. Many physicochemical properties, such as apparent amylose content, protein content, thermal properties and free amino acid contents, showed significant differences between the two locations. Correlation analysis showed that apparent amylose content and protein content had contrasting effects on all the sensory attributes. The overall sensory quality was negatively correlated with protein content(r =-0.89, P 0.01) and positively correlated with gel hardness(r = 0.91, P 0.01),indicating that the protein content and hardness are important physicochemical properties for predicting the sensory quality of japonica rice. These findings will provide guidance for selection from the diverse genotypes available to develop new varieties with the desired eating and cooking quality.     

四川部分区域鸽源沙门菌耐药表型及耐药基因检测

为了解四川省成都市及周边区域鸽源沙门菌的耐药表型及耐药基因携带情况,通过常规细菌分离鉴定并结合PCR方法,获得42株鸽源沙门菌,采用K-B纸片法,选取20种抗生素,对42株鸽源沙门菌进行药敏试验,并结合PCR方法对其耐药基因携带情况进行检测。结果显示:受检菌对链霉素、四环素、多西环素耐药率为88. 1%;对阿莫西林耐药率为83. 3%;对头孢拉定、氨苄西林、萘啶酸的耐药率为81. 0%。42株沙门菌皆有不同程度的多重耐药性,其中33株同时耐4种以上抗生素,占检测菌株的78. 6%(33/42),主要的耐药谱为CTX-CRO-FLO-CPIOFL-AKN。42株沙门菌喹诺酮类耐药基因aac (6')-Ib-cr检出率最高,为88. 09%(37/32);氨基糖苷类耐药基因aadA1、aph (3)Ⅱ、aac(3)Ⅱ检出率分别为80. 95%(34/42)、76. 19%(32/42)、16. 67%(7/42);β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM-1、bla CMY-2检出率分别为42. 86%(18/42)、19. 04%(8/42);四环素类耐药基因tet M、tet A、tet B检出率分别为40. 4%(17/42)、38. 09%(16/42)、9. 52%(4/42);磺胺类耐药基因sul2检出率为80. 95%(34/42);喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrA检出率为38. 09%(16/42)。结果表明:四川省成都市及周边区域鸽源沙门菌存在普遍耐药,且多重耐药较为严重,耐药基因携带率高。     

海南三亚地区葫芦科作物白粉病菌生理小种分化的鉴定

采用国际通用的甜瓜白粉病生理小种鉴定寄主与标准鉴定体系,在冬季对海南省三亚地区不同地点、不同栽培模式的西瓜、甜瓜、南瓜、丝瓜和西葫芦以及野西瓜上采集的共9个白粉病菌进行生理小种鉴定,根据一系列甜瓜白粉病鉴别寄主的抗感反应,初步确定海南三亚地区葫芦科作物白粉病菌存在S.fuliginea的两个生理小种,即小种1和小种2France,且优势生理小种是小种2France.另外,还有新的生理小种存在,有待于进一步研究.     

γ辐照对稻米蒸煮和食用品质的影响

本研究了＾６０Ｃｏγ辐照对稻米蒸煮和食用品质的影响。结果表明：在２－１２ｋＧｙ范围内,辐照使低和中等直链淀粉含量的早灿稻浙辐５０４和早粳稻Ｔ２的直链淀粉含量降低,而对高直链淀粉含量的早灿稻浙辐８０２的直链淀粉含量没有明显的影响。辐照使３个品种的胶稠度增大,淀粉粘度谱的最高粘度,热浆粘度,冷胶粘度明显下降。     

金水乌鸡黑羽丝毛系选育报告

用黑羽黑皮的江汉鸡对白羽丝毛乌骨鸡先导入杂交后闭锁群继代选育,培育出金水乌鸡黑羽丝毛系.黑羽丝毛系90日龄体重1kg以上,料肉比3.36:1.     

bZIP Transcription Factor UvATF21 Mediates Vegetative Growth,Conidiation, Stress Tolerance and Is Required for Full Virulence of Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens

bZIP proteins are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and regulate a diverse range of physiological processes. Several bZIP proteins have previously been identified in Ustilaginoidea virens. However, the biological roles of these bZIP proteins in this pathogen are still unknown. Here, one of these bZIP protein coding genes, UvATF21, was functionally characterized. Targeted deletion of UvATF21 resulted in reduced conidiation and pathogenicity despite of the increased vegetative growth. The deletion mutants also significantly decreased the sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stresses. Interestingly, deletion of UvATF21 exhibited different performances to cell wall integrity stress. These results indicated that UvATF21 played crucial roles in vegetative growth, conidiation, stress response, and full virulence in U. virens.     

饱和修正系数提高ZZLAS型闪烁仪测量显热通量精度

为了研究饱和效应对大孔径闪烁仪估算区域显热通量的影响,在2014年8—9月期间进行试验,以具有抗饱和性能的双光路BLS900型闪烁仪为参考,以孔径尺寸为0.075 m(文中简记为LAS1)、0.15 m(文中简记为LAS2)的中国产ZZLAS型闪烁仪为研究对象,通过光学传播原理计算出饱和修正系数,并对ZZLAS型闪烁仪的观测结果进行饱和修正分析。结果表明:LAS1的饱和修正系数为1.034,LAS2的饱和修正系数为1.019。试验观测中LAS1饱和率为24.58%,LAS2饱和率为2.04%,进行饱和修正后,LAS1的有效饱和修正率为12.87%。与BLS900相比,LAS1修正后显热通量均方根误差变为25.67 W/m2;LAS2的饱和修正率仅为0.32%,修正前后显热通量均方根误差基本无变化。进行饱和修正前,对BLS900与LAS1观测的显热通量进行F检验,未达到显著水平(P=0.15);通过计算得出的修正系数修正后,达到极显著水平(P=0.004);而利用BLS900的实时修正系数进行修正后,接近显著水平(P=0.06)。利用试验计算得出的饱和修正系数修正后,显热通量与参考标准的误差范围为1.28~53.42 W/m2,比修正前更接近BLS900的观测结果。研究对农田、人工林下垫面条件下的观测结果采用文中的饱和修正方法进行验证,结果也表明,经饱和修正后,闪烁仪观测的显热通量更接近BLS900的观测结果。当ZZLAS型闪烁仪发生明显饱和现象时,利用光学传播原理计算得出的修正系数对饱和数据进行修正效果显著。     

基于无人机热红外图像的核桃园土壤水分预测模型建立与应用

为了解北方核桃园区的土壤水分状况,实现优化水资源配置的目的。该文于2016和2017年采用固定式热红外成像仪(A310 f)连续观测得到核桃主要生长季节午后(13:00和14:00)的冠层温度,并同步观测温度、湿度、辐射、风速、降雨量和0~80 cm不同土层深度的土壤体积含水量。并于2017年8月11日利用无人机热成像系统(TC640)对连续灌溉区域和干旱胁迫区域进行了图像采集。结果表明,40~60 cm土层深度可能是核桃树主要吸收水分的区域。冠层温度普遍高于空气温度,其变化范围在0~5℃之间,冠气温差与土壤含水量呈负相关,与太阳辐射呈正向关系,其中,土壤含水量的贡献值达到了75%。利用2017年13:00时的冠层与空气温差数据来建立的土壤水分预测模型,R2=0.64;同时,利用14:00时的实测数据对所建立模型进行验证,R2=0.61,表明该模型具有一定的拟合精度。最后,将模型用于诊断核桃区域水分状况,证明了其具有较好的实际应用效果。该研究首次将固定式热成像设备与无人机热成像系统相结合来研究树木的冠层温度,并成功实现了从理论模型到实际应用,从单株水平到区域尺度的转换。     

环状RNA及其在畜禽中的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类新发现的内源性非编码RNA,是一种由共价键形成闭环结构的RNA分子。circRNA主要来源于外显子或内含子,在生物体内广泛存在,具有种类丰富、保守性强、细胞核组织特异性、稳定存在等特点。目前研究表明,circRNA可通过多种途径发挥作用,在神经发育、免疫、畜禽经济性状调控等过程中扮演重要角色,具有重要的研究价值。对circRNA的特征、形成机制、主要功能及其在畜禽中的研究进展进行综述,旨在为circRNA在畜禽的研究提供一定的理论依据与技术指导。