刺五加裸地生长发育特性的观察

连续6年对裸地生境刺五加的物候观测、生长发育性状观察,结果表明：裸地生境下刺五加株高随年龄的增长而增高,低龄阶段（1-6年）株高与年龄之间是呈成正相关。刺五加地径随年龄的增长而增大,株高与地径二者呈相同变化趋势。裸地生境下刺五加植株的分枝数和冠幅随年龄的增加而呈增大的关系。裸地生境刺五加分枝能力增强。冠幅随年龄的增长而不断地增大,低龄（1-5年）刺五加冠幅增长较快。     

黄淮海麦区小麦倒伏的原因与对策

地处黄淮海麦区的项城市是河南省重要的商品粮基地之一.小麦是当地主要的粮食作物,栽培面积大,总产约占当地粮食产量的70%,小麦生产丰歉对其粮食生产起着举足轻重的作用.近年来,依靠国家农资综合补贴和科学技术成果的应用,小麦产量呈逐年提高的趋势,高产稳产具有十分重要的意义.多年的经验和教训告诉我们,影响该区小麦稳产和进一步高产的主要因素是倒伏问题.本文就小麦倒伏的原因及对策作以阐述.     

Effects of preferential flow on soil-water and surface runoff in a forested watershed in China

Preferential flow is a runoff mechanism intermediate between matrix flow and surface flow, transmitting water at high velocity through the subsurface zone. To assess the effect of preferential flow on soil-water flow and surface runoff in a forested watershed, precipitation and volumes of preferential flow, matrix flow and surface runoff were measured over a period of four years in a forested watershed in the Three Gorges area of southern China. Results show that preferential-flow hydrographs have gentler rises and steeper recessions than those for matrix flow and surface runoff. Preferential flow as a percentage of soil-water flow ranged from 2.40% to 8.72% and the maximum preferential-flow velocity exceeded as much as 5600 times that of matrix flow. This shows that preferential flow plays an important role in the movement of soil water. Preferential flow has a significant effect on peak surface runoff by increasing the surface runoff rate and accelerating the appearance of peak surface runoff. Preferential flow can also prolong the duration of surface runoff. Surface runoff was observed to be positively correlated with preferential flow. The greater the sum of rainfall amount and antecedent precipitation is, the greater the effect of preferential flow on surface runoff is.     

一种基于视觉特性的小波包图像编码压缩方法

针对图像能量分布特点及人眼对图像特殊区域敏感程度的不同,提出利用小波包对图像的低频子带和高频子带都进行多分辨率分解,并充分利用人眼的视觉特性和不同子带间小波包系数的相关性对系数进行编码。实验结果表明在保证优先编码视觉上最重要系数的同时,能够进一步提高图像复原质量。     

Preparation and Characterization of O-Acylated Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate from Sea Cucumber

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FuCS), a kind of complex glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber, has potent anticoagulant activity. In order to understand the relationship between structures and activity, the depolymerized FuCS (dFuCS) was chosen to prepare its derivates by selective substitution at OH groups. Its O-acylation was carried out in a homogeneous way using carboxylic acid anhydrides. The structures of O-acylated derivatives were characterized by NMR. The results indicated that the 4-O-sulfated fucose residues may be easier to be acylated than the other ones in the sulfated fucose branches. But the O-acylation was always accompanied by the β-elimination, and the degree of elimination was higher as that of acylation was higher. The results of clotting assay indicated that the effect of partial O-acylation of the dFuCS on their anticoagulant potency was not significant and the O-acylation of 2-OH groups of 4-O-sulfated fucose units did not affect the anticoagulant activity.     

云南国外引进小麦品种主要性状遗传多样性及相关性分析

为了提高云南小麦育种水平,对云南50年来从国外引进并大面积推广的品种进行遗传多样性及相关性分析。结果表明：穗形、壳色、粒色、粒质、饱满度频率分布较集中,遗传多样性较低。生育期、基本苗、最高茎蘖数、有效穗、有效分蘖、株高、穗粒数、穗长、结实小穗数、不结实小穗数、空瘪粒数,千粒重、溶重、产量均存在较大变异,变异幅度系数为1.22%~28.36%,各性状遗传多样性指数均较大,平均为1.7321,结实小穗数多样性指数最大,为2.0381,株高多样性指数最小,为1.4105,表明13份国外引进小麦品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性。基本苗与最高茎蘖数、有效穗呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别达0.555、0.76,最高分蘖数与有效穗呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.66,基本苗是分蘖数、有效穗形成的基础,穗粒数与千粒重、基本苗呈极显著负相关,相关相关系数别达-0.61、-0.62,穗粒数与千粒重、基本苗是产量构成的一个矛盾体,产量与基本苗、最高茎蘖数、有效分蘖、千粒重、生育期呈正相关,与穗空瘪粒数呈极显著负相关,相关系数达-0.63,因此,在不影响茬口的前提下,选择生育期较长的品种,适当增加播种量,提高基本苗,加强田间管理,促进分蘖,提高成穗率和千粒重,降低空瘪粒数是获得高产的有效手段。     

关于中国旅行商问题的探讨

对中国旅行商问题进行了探讨。首先,我们运用蚁群算法得到了中国旅行商的最短路旅行方案;其次,在最短路旅行方案的基础上,再考虑最经济的旅行花费问题,我们建立了旅行问题的无约束条件优化模型,同时得到了最小花费;最后,综合考虑省钱、省时又方便的约束条件,我们建立了旅行问题的均衡多目标优化模型,并运用Lingo软件编程最终得到了...     

江西省境内中华秋沙鸭越冬生境选择

为探讨中华秋沙鸭越冬的生境选择策略。2009-2011年12月中旬利用样方法、因子测定法和卡方检验等方法对江西省境内中华秋沙鸭越冬的生境选择进行了调查分析。结果表明：中华秋沙鸭越冬嬉戏、觅食和栖息的生境选择具有普遍性并具有以下特征：越冬地海拔较低,年平均气温为16.5℃;越冬地依山傍水且均沿河流分布,多集中在河流的中下游水势相对平缓地带;越冬生境选择通过植被、水环境和人为干扰因子来实现;对低海拔(50~60 m,78.6%)、低坡度(<0.36,98.6%)、低噪音(<40 dB,89.2%)、村镇(6~12 km,71.9%)、公路中等距离(1~2 km,79.4%)、近林缘(<50 m,85.4%)的区域选择性较高。     

茶鲜叶中多环芳烃类化合物的分布特性研究

利用高效液相色谱法分析了不同季节、不同茶树品种、不同部位茶鲜叶中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的分布特性。结果表明,3个茶树品种,以政和大白茶鲜叶原料中PAHs的含量和标准偏差值最小,平均含量为126.92 μg·kg^-1,偏差值为17.59 μg·kg^-1;不同部位茶鲜叶中PAHs含量及标准偏差值表现为芽<第二叶<第四叶<第六叶,芽头PAHs含量为119.13 μg·kg^-1,标准偏差值为14.36 μg·kg^-1;不同季节茶鲜叶中PAHs含量及标准偏差值呈现秋<春<夏的分布特性,秋季茶鲜叶中PAHs的含量为112.75 μg·kg^-1,标准偏差值为11.97 μg·kg^-1;同时茶鲜叶中16种PAHs主要以2、3环PAHs为主,占PAHs总量的80%左右,4~6环PAHs相对较少。     

饲用灌木资源开发利用研究现状及其对贵州石漠化地区的启示

根据国家石漠化综合治理草地畜牧业工程需要,应用生态学、植物学、营养学等学科理论,综述了贵州省喀斯特石漠化地区饲用灌木资源,并对其利用价值进行综合评价,指出以多花木兰(Magnolia multiflora)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、杭子梢(Campylotropis macrocarpa)等为代表的饲用灌木不但营养价值丰富,而且其抗逆性强,具有综合开发利用价值,并对喀斯特石漠化地区饲用灌木开发利用存在的问题进行分析,提出了解决对策,指出大力发展以饲用灌木为主的非常规饲料加工业是喀斯特石漠化地区发展生态畜牧业的重要保障,也是石漠化综合治理过程中提高植被覆盖率的有效途径。