肝片形吸虫雷蚴与尾蚴的扫描电镜观察

肝片形吸虫的母雷蚴、早期子雷蚴、成熟子雷蚴及尾蚴表被结构经扫描电镜观察：在母雷蚴及早期子雷蚴的口孔周围有乳突分布；雷蚴的围领呈领圈样环绕，围领基部的一侧有一个产孔，产孔的开口处呈唇样的构造，从母雷蚴、早期子雷蚴至成熟子雷蚴的发育，其体表绒毛样构造日趋发达。尾蚴背部密布尖刀形棘，腹部具有许多不规则的突起，其间分布有许多微孔；口吸盘及周围无乳突分布，但在腹吸盘周围分布有排列整齐的指状突起。尾蚴体部与尾部相连处有一环形颈状结构，尾蚴尾干背面为一槽状的皱襞。     

稚蚕人工饲料中几种微量元素的添加效果

测定桑叶粉及基础饲料中钛、铁、硒、稀土元素的含量，分别为６１～９２、５２０～１０００、０．３８４、５．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和３７、６５０～７１０、０．４１４、５．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在基础饲料中以６．７～５２．２ｍｇ钛／ｋｇ饲料剂量添加柠檬酸钛，对１～２龄蚕的生长发育未见有促进作用；以柠檬酸混合稀土、柠檬酸钟、柠檬酸镧形式向基础饲料中加入１７．４～１４１．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料的混合稀土或其单体元素铈和镧，其生长发育没有促进而略受抑制。稚蚕饲料中添加１％磷酸高铁（相当于２４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料），稚蚕期的生长发育有明显促进，促进程度随添加时间的延长而进一步加大，这种促进作用不是通过改变饲料适口性来实现的。     

DNA Barcoding:An Effective Tool for Species Identification of Lepidopteran Oak Pests

[Objective] The paper was to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early forecast of Lepidopteran oak-infesting pests.[Method] DNA barcoding technique was established for quick species identification using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) as the standard gene.This barcoding technique was used to amplify and sequence genomic DNA samples from eggs and pupae of 11 species of Lepidopteran pests collected from oak.[Result] The DNA barcoding standard genes of 594-708 bp were determined from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.There were differences of 0-2 bases in DNA barcode sequences between conspecific eggs and pupae,with the sequence identity of 99.7%-100%.The average content of A,T,G and C of DNA barcode sequences from Lepidopteran insects were 30.7%,38.5%,14.9% and 15.9%,respectively.The obtained DNA barcode sequences had 91.4%-100% identity and 0-8.6% difference degree with GenBank-deposited DNA barcode sequences from organisms of the genetically-closest relationship.Among them,DNA barcode sequences from egg and pupa samples of 10 Lepidopteran insects(No.1-20) had 99%-100% identity and 0-1.0% difference degree with homologous sequences in GenBank database,while the remaining samples(No.21-22) had high difference degree(8.6%) with homologous sequences.[Conclusion] The established DNA barcoding technique is an effeetive tool for species identification of Lepidopteran pests using genomic DNA from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.     

短期禁牧对天山北坡蒿类荒漠群落特征及其稳定性的影响

本研究以天山北坡蒿类荒漠为研究对象,采用野外调查取样的方法,探讨不同区域荒漠围栏内外群落特征和物种多样性对禁牧的响应规律,分析禁牧对生态系统稳定性的影响。结果表明,1)禁牧能改变荒漠植被功能群结构,禁牧后不同生态经济类群群落盖度和生物量分别上升40.2%~57.0%和44.4%~81.0%;2)荒漠群落物种多样性指数对短期禁牧的响应较小,但从区域上看,玛纳斯荒漠放牧区Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数比博乐和奇台显著高16.7%~20.0%,而禁牧区Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数高了8.6%~17.7%;3)短期禁牧有利于荒漠群落稳定性的维持,且稳定性可能与禁牧年限和生态环境的变化均有一定的关系。因此,短期禁牧能显著提高荒漠草地生产力,有利于群落物种多样性和群落稳定性的维持。     

阿维菌素驱除兔蛲虫试验报告

朝阳市近年养兔业得到了很大发展,兔寄生虫病对养兔业的危害已引起人们重视。在朝阳市兔体寄生虫调查中发现,兔蛲虫对兔的感染率很高,从外贸冷冻加工厂、康宁医院兔场、朝阳县一粮库兔场、龙城区西大营子集市、双塔区凌北集市购入的233只兔剖检所得,兔蛲虫感染率为81.1%(189/233),感染强度为50(2~1 220条),感染兔均有不同程度的肠炎变化,严重感染者毛焦、消瘦,生长缓慢,易继发其它疾病,严重影响养兔的经济效益,对养兔业发展造成威胁。为寻求一种较好的驱治兔蛲虫的药物,2005年9~10月作者利用康宁医院兔场和航发兔场饲养的兔及从市郊各集市购…     

对畜牧业旅游功能开发的思考——以西安秦岭野生动物园为例

发达的畜牧业是现代农业的重要标志,也是推进社会主义新农村建设的重要内容。如何发挥畜牧业的新功能,实现畜牧业的持续健康发展是当代农业的一个发展方向。文章从畜牧业的功能入手,分析了人们对畜牧业旅游功能认识的瓶颈,并以西安秦岭野生动物园为例,对西安畜牧业旅游功能的开发进行探讨。     

Ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in Ethiopia

Ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. Clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. Mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. Skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats examined, 815 (81.50%) sheep and 327 (54.5%) goats were infested with one or more types of ectoparasites. Sarcoptes scabiei var ovis, Demodex ovis, Psoroptes ovis, Bovicola ovis, Melophagus ovinus, and Amblyomma variegatum and other tick species were identified from sheep. S. scabiei var caprae, Demodex caprae, Linognathus stenopsis, and A. variegatum and other tick species were identified from goats. Gross skin lesions or defects observed on the skin include stained and ragged wool, loss of wool/hair, nodules, crusts, lichenification, and fissuring. Microscopic evaluation of H and E stained skin sections revealed lesions in the epidermal layer such as hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and melanin inconsistency on the basal cells of the epidermis. Follicular keratosis, perifolliculitis, frunculosis, perivasculitis, and aggregates of inflammatory cells (of acute and chronic type) with fibrosis were experiential in the dermal layer of the skin. Most of the skin lesions caused by ectoparasites are overlapping. Thus, ectoparasites control program should be executed to reduce skin lesions as skins are the major export commodity of the country.     

蝗虫痘病毒对黄胫小车蝗生长发育和产卵力的影响

试验观察结果表明,蝗虫痘病毒除对黄胫小车蝗有显著致死作用外,使感病寄主在接种13～33d后,食量比对照减少28.73%～70.40 %导致生长发育缓慢,接种后13～18d,对照组生长率为36.3mg/d,而处理组则分别为14.9、14.5和9.6mg/d,仅为对照的1/4～1/2。寄主羽化极不整齐,对照组整个历期只有5d,而处理组则为16～46d,随着接种剂量的加大,这种“拖延”趋势越发明显。寄主产卵量明显降低,甚至根本不能产卵。处理组寄主“畸形”和“自相残杀”的情况也较对照组严重。     

浅论饲料企业质量管理体系长效机制的构筑

1饲料企业构筑质量管理体系长效机制的必要性1.1进一步全面宣贯ISO9000族标准的需要ISO9000族标准是系列标准,其结构互为补充。企业通过了质量管理体系的认证,仅仅证实企业具有提供"满足顾客要求"和"适用法律法规要求"产品的基本能力。从管理角度来看,这种质量管理体系尚不够完整,从提升企业总体业绩与     

锌源对凡纳滨对虾生长免疫的影响

凡纳滨对虾配合饲料中添加20、40、60、80和100mg/kg硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌。饲养4和10周称质量,并采集对虾血清、肝胰脏和肌肉,测定血清中酚氧化酶(PO)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及肝胰脏和肌肉中的锌含量。试验结果表明,锌源和锌水平影响对虾4周末体质量,但对10周末的体质量无影响。锌源和锌水平不影响血清中的PO,但硫酸锌组AKP表现出随添加量的升高而显著提高,蛋氨酸锌组AKP差异不显著。2种锌源的添加水平对肌肉中的锌含量无影响,但对肝胰脏中锌含量影响显著。生长、酶活和组织锌含量的统计结果表明,锌源之间存在显著差异,蛋氨酸锌的营养效果好于硫酸锌。饲料中蛋氨酸锌的添加量为40~60mg/kg时,凡纳滨对虾的生长和免疫效果最好。