鄂豆6号的选育

利用血缘关系远、生态类型差异较大的亲本进行杂交和异季加代育成的鄂豆6号,具有优良的综合性状,较短的生育期,较广的适应性和产量高、品质优等特点。适宜在湖北全省和长江流域部分地区推广。栽培技术上要求适时早播、适当密植、科学施肥和加强田间管理。     

Mechanisms behind soil N dynamics following cover restoration in degraded land in subtropical China

Purpose

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for re-vegetation during ecosystem restoration, but the effects of cover restoration on soil N transformations are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate N transformations in soils with different cover restoration ages in Eastern China.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were collected from four degraded and subsequently restored lands with restoration ages of 7, 17, 23, and 35 years along with an adjacent control of degraded land. A ¹⁵N tracing technique was used to quantify gross N transformation rates.

Results and discussion

Compared with degraded land, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) increased by 1.60–3.97 and 2.49–5.36 times in restoration land. Cover restoration increased ammonium and nitrate immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) by 0.56–0.96, 0.34–2.10, and 0.79–3.45 times, respectively, indicating that restoration was beneficial for N retention. There were positive correlations between SOC content and ammonium and nitrate immobilization and DNRA, indicating that the increase in soil N retention capacity may be ascribed to increasing SOC concentrations. The stimulating effect of SOC on ammonium immobilization was greater than its effect on organic N mineralization, so while SOC and TN increased, inorganic N supply did not increase. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification increased with increasing SOC and TN concentrations. Notably, heterotrophic nitrification was an important source of NO₃^??N production, accounting for 47–67% of NO₃^??N production among all restoration ages.

Conclusions

The capacity of N retention was improved by cover restoration, leading to an increase in soil organic carbon and total N over time, but inorganic N supply capacity did not change with cover restoration age.

     

重庆市主要农作物种质资源数据库平台构建研究

农作物种质资源数据库平台构建是提高资源利用率的有效途径,提出了构建重庆市主要农作物种质资源数据库平台的设计思路,根据重庆市典型的10种主要农作物种质数据采集需求和规范,研制了基于Web网络的后台采集录入功能和前台展示查询功能的共享平台,实现了重庆市主要农作物种质资源数据资源的网络共享。     

调亏灌溉和氮处理对小桐子生长及水分利用的影响

为了研究阶段水分亏缺(亏水+不亏水W_LW_H、不亏水+亏水W_HW_L、亏水+亏水W_LW_L、不亏水+不亏水W_HW_H)和不同施氮量(N_Z:0,N_L:0.2 g/kg,N_H:0.4 g/kg)对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现W_LW_H的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W_HW_L;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在N_L水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理N_HW_HW_H相比,中水低氮处理N_LW_LW_H节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理(40~90 d)幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理(90~140 d)处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但W_LW_L水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理N_LW_LW_H可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度.     

黄淮海稻区水稻品种的穗颈瘟抗性

【目的】为明确黄淮海稻区育成水稻品种的稻瘟病抗性及其基因型，【方法】收集了来自本稻区5个不同地区的水稻品种，连续两年通过稻瘟病菌接种鉴定和田间病圃自然诱发对供试品种进行了稻瘟病抗性鉴定，并利用4个抗病基因Pita, Pib, Pi54和Pikm的分子标记，对水稻品种基因型进行了统计分析，并以抗性等级为表型值对品种资源进行聚类分析。【结果】黄淮海稻区水稻品种发病率较高，分别达85.2%和65.9%。Pi54和Pib检出率分别达84%、65%。同时抗性聚类分析表明Pi54和Pib在本稻区的抗性贡献率却很低。【结论】黄淮海稻区水稻品种稻瘟病抗性弱，携带的抗瘟基因的抗性在不断减弱或丧失，需加强稻瘟病主效抗性的发掘、开发与利用。     

棉花柱头外露性状的花蕾形态学调查

通过探究棉花柱头外露性状的成因,为棉花柱头外露种质在杂交制种方面的利用提供理论指导。以陆地棉遗传标准系TM-1和染色体代换系CSB-18为试验材料,研究2种材料在不同发育阶段苞叶、花瓣、柱头的生长情况差异和结铃率差异。结果表明：在整个生长发育阶段,CSB-18和TM-1相比,苞叶大小和柱头长短没有明显差异,但CSB-18花瓣明显短于TM-1花瓣。CSB-18柱头外露与柱头长短无关,是该材料花瓣较短导致。CSB-18结铃率明显低于TM-1结铃率。     

鸡的肠神经(N.intestinalis)解剖

作为禽类特有的肠神经,始于泄殖腔背侧,沿直肠、回肠和空肠延伸至十二指肠升袢末端、胰管和胆囊管开口处。直肠段最粗,为中枢端,神经节明显而大,回肠段最细,神经节不明显,空肠段最长,为末梢端,沿途有多个神经节,并有分支至肠管和泌尿生殖器官。该条神经为荐部副交感神经的延续,全程没见交感神经和迷走神经纤维。部分个体在末端有与前肠系膜神经分支的吻合支。     

A novel combined recirculating treatment system for intensive marine aquaculture

This study established a pilot‐scale recirculating treatment system that coupled an ecological process with a biological process to achieve adequate water quality and to minimize the water consumption for intensive marine culture. The recirculating treatment system consisted of a settling cell, a biofilter tank, a bivalve tank and gravel beds. The toxic pollutants, threatening the growth of bivalves, were reduced by the settling cell and the biofilter tank, so that the polyculture of shrimp and bivalves could be achieved. The living bivalve tank could function well as a remover of remaining small suspended solids (SS), and other pollutants. As the SS was reduced to a very low level by bivalve tank before the water flowing into the gravel beds, the risk of clogging was prevented. The studies suggested that the system maintained high removal efficiencies of SS, ammonium nitrogen () and nitrite nitrogen () and could contribute to the increase in shrimp yield.     

蜂胶乳液蒸气雾化吸入对急性咽喉炎治疗效果的观察

应用0.5%蜂胶乳液蒸气雾化吸入治疗急性咽喉炎165例,显效以上131例,占79.39%;与常规用药蒸气雾化吸入治疗177例,显效以上149例,占84.18%进行比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。观察证明,蜂胶具有明显抗菌、抗病毒及镇痛作用,对急性咽喉炎疗效满意。     

虾青素的开发与应用

虾青素 (Ａｓｔａｘａｎｔｈｉｎ) ,又名虾黄质、龙虾壳色素 ,化学名称为 3,3’ -二羟基 - β ,β -胡萝卜素 -4,4’ -二酮 ,分子式为Ｃ40 Ｈ52 Ｏ4。它广泛存在于生物界中 ,特别是水产动物的虾、蟹、鱼和鸟类的羽毛中。虾青素是动物界中分布最广的一种叶黄素 ,呈粉红色 ,具有独特的着色功能 ,也能够促进抗体的产生 ,增强动物的免疫力 ,在抗氧化性、清除自由基方面能力强于 β -胡萝卜素。具有水不溶性和亲脂性 ,易溶于二硫化碳、丙酮、苯和氯仿等有机溶剂。虾青素是一种极具潜力的类胡萝卜素添加剂 ,在食品、饲料、化妆品、医药等领域有着…