调亏灌溉和氮处理对小桐子生长及水分利用的影响

为了研究阶段水分亏缺(亏水+不亏水W_LW_H、不亏水+亏水W_HW_L、亏水+亏水W_LW_L、不亏水+不亏水W_HW_H)和不同施氮量(N_Z:0,N_L:0.2 g/kg,N_H:0.4 g/kg)对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现W_LW_H的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W_HW_L;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在N_L水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理N_HW_HW_H相比,中水低氮处理N_LW_LW_H节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理(40~90 d)幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理(90~140 d)处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但W_LW_L水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理N_LW_LW_H可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度.     

土壤强还原过程产生的有机酸对土传病原菌的抑制作用

土壤强还原(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)能有效杀灭土传病原菌,并已在日本、荷兰和美国取得一系列的推广应用,但对于RSD的杀菌机理不甚明了。本试验采用高效液相色谱和荧光定量PCR等技术研究了以玉米秸秆为有机碳源的RSD处理过程中土壤产生的有机酸种类,以及不同浓度的有机酸对土壤病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明:以玉米秸秆为有机碳源的RSD过程中主要产生了乙酸和丁酸;经50mmol/L丁酸溶液处理的土壤中立枯丝核菌、辣椒疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌及茄劳尔氏菌的数量分别为对照的3.5%、38.9%、11.5%和7.9%;10mmol/L的丁酸可以完全抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝的生长;5mmol/L的丁酸即可完全抑制尖孢镰刀菌的孢子萌发。本研究结合前人报道表明有机酸,尤其是乙酸和丁酸,对于RSD的杀菌机理起着重要的作用。     

Salt-free dyeability of thiourea grafted cotton fabric

In this study salt-free dyeing cotton fabric was achieved by grafting thiourea to cotton fibers, where the thiourea grafted cotton fabric (TUGCF) was prepared by epoxidizing cotton fibers with epichlorohydrin in water and subsequently grafting in aqueous solution of thiourea. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and XPS of the TUGCF indicated that a great amount of epoxy groups from the epoxidized cotton fibers reacted with amino groups from thiourea. The TUGCF fabric prepared at the optimum condition and subsequently dyed with reactive dyes in the absence of salt displayed significantly enhanced color strength, showing better dyeing properties when compared with the untreated cotton fabric dyed with conventional methods, in terms of washing fastness, rubbing fastness, and levelness. It was found that the dyeing performance of Reactive Red B-3BF followed a Langmuir-type adsorption curve when used to salt-free dye the TUGCF.     

扑救森林火灾最易发生伤亡环节及对策研究

从国内外直接扑救森林火灾中的人员伤亡案例看,发生伤亡的次数和人数最严重、极易发生扑火人员群死群伤事件是在接近火场这一扑火环节.为此.在扑救森林火灾中各级指挥员和扑火人员,接近火场时不可盲目行动和掉以轻心,应在判明风向、掌握地形、了解可燃物分布及载量的情况下,才可接近火场.     

国内外生物质固体燃料成型设备开发进展

总结了生物质固体燃料成型设备的国内外研究进展,并分析了我国生物质成型燃料存在的问题和今后发展方向。      

糖皮质激素受体对TLRs信号网络的抑制研究进展

糖皮质激素(GC)主要是通过特异性受体(GR)参与的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)和蛋白-DNA相互作用(PDI)网络激活或抑制靶基因的转录。其中,GC干预Toll-like receptors(TLRs)信号网络时,主要依赖于增强TLR通路天然抑制因子表达、直接抑制TLR激活的转录调节因子以及交叉利用GR与TLR信号通路的必需辅助因子。笔者在总结GR的转录调节、TLRs信号网络以及GR与TLRs信号网络串扰的最新研究进展的基础上,着重评述了GR介导TLR信号通路的降调节机制,以期为深入揭示GC调节哺乳动物细胞功能的分子机制和临床应用提供参考。     

热休克对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞CaM mRNA和HSF活性的影响

试验分别以38、40和42℃对原代培养的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞进行热休克处理,采用半定量PCR方法和凝胶迁移阻滞(EMSA)对CaM mRNA和HSF活性进行检测,并与对照组(37℃)比较,以确定热休克对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞CaM mRNA和HSF活性的影响。结果表明,38℃热休克处理组小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的CaMmRNA表达...     

Effects of six years of simulated N deposition on gross soil N transformation rates in an old-growth temperate forest

Elevated atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition has been detected in many regions of China, but its effects on soil N transformation in temperate forest ecosystems are not well known. We therefore simulated N deposition with four levels of N addition rate(N0, N30, N60, and N120) for6 years in an old-growth temperate forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains in Northeastern China. We measured gross N transformation rates in the laboratory using ~(15)N tracing technology to explore the effects of N deposition on soil gross N transformations taking advantage of N deposition soils. No significant differences in gross soil N transformation rates were observed after 6 years of N deposition with various levels of N addition rate. For all N deposition soils, the gross NH_4~+ immobilization rates were consistently lower than the gross N mineralization rates,leading to net N mineralization. Nitrate(NO_3~-) was primarily produced via oxidation of NH_4~+(i.e., autotrophic nitrification), whereas oxidation of organic N(i.e., heterotrophic nitrification) was negligible. Differences between the quantity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea were not significant for any treatment, which likely explains the lack of a significant effect on gross nitrification rates. Gross nitrification rates were much higher than the total NO_3~- consumption rates,resulting in a build-up of NO_3~-, which highlights the high risk of N losses via NO_3~- leaching or gaseous N emissions from soils. This response is opposite that of typical N-limited temperate forests suffering from N deposition,suggesting that the investigated old-growth temperate forest ecosystem is likely to approach N saturation.     

针形绿茶做形机械研究进展

通过分析不同做形设备的现状及改进,对茶叶做形理论进行了探讨,为新型做形设备的开发思路、设计方案和创新点提供支撑。     

土壤强还原消毒过程中产生气体对土传病原菌的抑制作用

土壤强还原(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)是一种高效、环保的土壤消毒方法,为明确RSD杀菌机理,采用气相色谱和荧光定量PCR等技术研究RSD过程中产生的气体对土传病原菌的杀菌作用。结果表明:RSD过程中土壤能够产生H_2S和NH_3;当在装有25 g病土的三角瓶中分别加入25 m L的H_2S和NH_3时,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的数量均显著下降,其杀菌效果分别为90.3%和100.0%;当在病土中加入0.125%(w/w)氨水时,尖孢镰刀菌、茄劳尔氏菌、辣椒疫霉和立枯丝核菌的数量分别下降至对照土壤的1.0%、0.3%、0.1%和0.9%;此外,加入10μL氨水即可显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,抑制率分别为52.8%和100.0%。表明RSD过程中产生的H_2S和NH_3对RSD过程的杀菌效果起着一定的作用。