大叶桉叶挥发油的抗炎活性研究

大叶桉叶为双子叶植物桃金娘科大叶桉（Eucalyptus robusta Smith）之叶,味辛、苦,性凉,具有疏风发表、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、杀虫止痒之功效。大叶桉是华南地区民间常用中草药,其叶水煎剂具清热解毒、消炎止痛、防腐止痒的功效,其总挥发油可用于治疗流行性感冒、上呼吸道感染和皮肤病等疾病。     

猪场常见繁殖系统疾病的临床区别诊断

布氏杆菌病、细小病毒感染、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征(PRRS)、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪乙型脑炎、猪附红细胞体病、衣原体、猪钩端螺旋体及饲料霉菌毒素中毒都共同出现流产症状,同时也有很多不同点。本文根据临床经验,将其归纳整理,系统地比较各病之间的不同点,为临床兽医正确区别诊断这类疾病提供宝贵的经验。     

Ecotourist trail-use affects the taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity of mammals in a protected area: lessons for conservation management

Ecotourism, by definition, aims to engage peoples’ interest in wildlife and the environment. The use of tourist roads and trails to access sites within protected areas (PAs) can detrimentally affect the behavior and distribution of species. The way mammals respond to anthropogenic pressures may differ across taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic groups; nevertheless, how ecotourist trail-use affects these different diversity remains under-investigated. Here, we assessed 6 metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for a mammal community in a PA in central China, recording how Trail use (using Trail type as a proxy) and habitat variables affected sightings and signs of mammals across 60 replicate 0.5 km transects. We then examined how Trail use affected the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices of species (>1 kg). Using generalized liner mixed modeling, we identified that more used trail types had a greater adverse effect on all diversity richness indices than did less used trail types. Consequently, tourist pressure was associated with a general tendency to homogenize the site's mammal community. In contrast, the effects of Trail Types on all diversity evenness indices were non-significant. Furthermore, more developed and more heavily used trail types had a greater, significant negative effect on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic richness, whereas these richness indices were unaffected by minor trail types, used less intensively. As a general principle, lower biodiversity indices reduce ecosystem resilience, and so it is vital to better understand these responses to balance public access against biodiversity management in PAs.     

甘肃省草原产草量动态监测模型

利用MODIS数据和地面实测资料,研究了甘肃省不同草原区的最适草原生物量遥感估算模型,并反演了甘肃省2005-2009年的草原产草量,分析了其空间分布特征。结果表明,不同草原区适合的植被指数和反演模型类型存异,其中河西走廊高平原荒漠草原区适合的植被指数是RVI、模型类型为对数模型,甘南高原草甸草原区适合的植被指数是EVI、模型类型为指数模型,而黄土高原温性草原区适合的植被指数是NDVI、模型类型为二次多项式模型。甘肃省2009年草原总产鲜草3 718.30万t,整体呈现东北低、西南高的空间变化过程,形成3个高产中心,分别是甘南高原、祁连山北麓中东段和陇南南部。与1985年相比,2005年草原明显减产(相对变化率V=19.34%),但2005-2009年间甘肃省草原产草量有总体上升的趋势。     

Micro-computed tomography evaluation and pathological analyses of female rats with collagen-induced arthritis

Imaging techniques have been introduced to assess the efficacy and toxicity of developing pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and to compare the results with data from conventional pathological examination. Arthritis was induced by collagen in 24 female Wistar rats. Micro-CT and pathological analyses were performed to assess arthritis progression. Micro-CT analysis showed marked joint destruction occurring in a time-dependent manner following collagen administration. Bone volume was significantly decreased in the tibia at weeks 3 and 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Additionally, percent bone volume was significantly reduced in the tibia at week 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05). In contrast, bone surface/bone volume and trabecular separation were significantly increased in the tibia of the animals at week 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05). Severe joint destruction with extensive inflammation, erosion of cartilage and bone, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the knee joints of the collagen-treated rats. Taken together, micro-CT made it possible to quantify CIA lesions and should be performed with pathological examination in rats.     

富硒女贞子粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

从富硒女贞子及女贞子中提取粗多糖,探讨其对小鼠免疫功能的影响。将90只小鼠随机均分为3组:对照组、富硒女贞子粗多糖组、普通女贞子粗多糖组。对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组小鼠灌服粗多糖液,灌服2次,每次连续5 d。2次灌胃的第3天注射卵清蛋白,二免后测定胸腺脾脏指数;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖水平;ELISA试剂盒检测血清中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平及相应抗体生成水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组脾脏和胸腺指数明显升高,脾淋巴细胞增殖作用显著提高;IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平明显提高,其中IFN-γ与对照组存在显著差异;而对特异性卵清抗体生成影响不大。这表明富硒女贞子粗多糖较普通女贞子粗多糖能更好地促进机体非特异性免疫及细胞免疫,从而增强机体免疫功能,在特异性体液免疫的作用方面则没有表现出明显的规律性,还需进一步研究。     

桑树多倍体育种材料遗传背景的AFLP分析

利用AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)分子标记技术,即扩增片段长度多态性,从DNA分子水平对19份人工三倍体桑育种材料进行了遗传背景分析,构建了指纹图谱.19份育种材料可组配70个杂交组合,各材料间AFLP相似系数大于0.750 0的有54个组合,经AFLP分析认为,它们不宜作亲本间杂交组合;AFLP相似系数小于0.750 0的有16个组合,经AFLP分析认为它们适于作亲本间杂交组合.本研究从基因组DNA分子水平上为人工三倍体桑品种选育以及杂交亲本的选择和组配提供了遗传背景依据.     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗4年采用机械模拟飞播牧草效益调查

阿拉善左旗４年机械模拟飞播牧草累计面积为２９８０ｈｍ＾２,实播面积为２９８０ｈｍ＾２,１９９７年１０月调查,保存面积为２９７０ｈｍ＾２,保存面积率为９９．７％,４年来播区植被盖度提高８．９６倍,有苗面积率提高３１．５３倍,牧草产量提高３５．９１倍,第一性生产产值和第二性生产产值分别是飞播总投资的０．６７倍和０．９７倍,机械模拟飞播牧草表现出明显的经济效益、生产效益和社会效益。     

猪用发酵床的研究与应用

新型微生物发酵床养猪技术是一种新兴的无公害养猪技术,它可有效地解决猪生产中的粪便处理和环境污染问题,改善猪的福利状况,利于猪只的生长和发育,其环保性和经济性明显优于集约化,规模化养猪方式。本文介绍了微生物发酵床的概念、分类和工艺流程,讨论了其技术要点和应用效果,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

警犬追踪破获一起团伙抢劫案

2006年4月17日凌晨,枣庄市陶庄煤矿综合生产矿区发生一起团伙抢劫案,枣庄市公安局刑侦支队警犬训导大队利用警犬快速出击,攻坚克难,人犬结合,采用步伐追踪和警犬追踪相结合的方式,以现场遗留的特殊润滑油气味为嗅源进行追踪,直接追踪到了500米外的嫌疑人家门口,及时破获了案件,