土壤硒富集空间分布特征及影响因素研究

以揭阳市土壤为对象,系统采集了表层土壤样(0～20 cm)1 330个和深层土壤样(150～200 cm)331个,并利用相关性分析、回归分析、方差分析及GIS空间分析技术等方法对土壤硒的含量分布、富集特征及影响因素进行了系统的分析。结果表明,揭阳市表层土壤Se含量处于0.02～2.01 mg/kg之间,几何平均值为0.48 mg/kg,是中国土壤Se平均含量的1.66倍。揭阳市土壤总体呈足硒及富硒特征,不存在硒过剩,极少区域土壤呈硒缺乏特征,表层与深层土壤表现基本一致,富硒土壤主要分布于普宁市、惠来县及北部边缘。表层土壤中Se富集面积达到52.03%,但在空间上分布零散,这可能与母质、土壤类型等因素有关。强富集区域集中分布于花岗岩与粉砂岩为母质的土壤区,而大部分由第四纪冲积物形成的土壤无富集。方差分析表明:不同母质、土壤类型及土地利用方式对土壤Se的含量及富集水平均造成不同程度的影响,其中影响揭阳市表层土壤Se含量的主要因素为成土母质。除此之外,土壤理化性质及海拔也是影响揭阳市表层土壤Se富集的重要因素。回归分析表明表层土壤Se与pH值呈极显著的负相关,并且分别与有机碳、Fe_2O_3及Al_2O_3呈极显著线性正相关。     

江西省水土流失对生态安全的影响

本文通过对江西省水土流失现状和水土流失治理经验调查,分析了江西省由于水土流失导致土地生产力退化、洪涝灾害频发、林分、林种、林龄结构不合理、湿地面积减少、生物多样性破坏,从而引发的一系列生态系统安全、粮食安全和人居安全问题。提出治理控制水土流失,改善生态环境的对策和办法。     

红花根腐病病原菌鉴定及药剂敏感性研究

为了有效防治红花根腐病,对吉林农业大学生物反应器研究中心药用植物基地的红花根腐病病原菌进行分离鉴定及10种防治药剂筛选研究。结果表明：经组织分离和纯化后获得6个有致病性的菌株,并且均为茄病镰刀菌。茄病镰刀菌对农利灵、施保功、甲基托布津、氟硅唑、苯醚甲环唑的敏感性较高,EC50＜1μg·mL-1;对多菌灵、速克灵、代森锰锌的敏感性次之,1μg·mL-1＜EC50＜10μg·mL-1;对扑海因和咪鲜胺的敏感性较差。     

广州建设环境友好城市实施保障机制

文章以科学发展观和环境友好型社会理论为指导,根据广州的实际,对建设环境友好广州提出八项保障机制:加强环境友好型法制化建设;建立环境与发展综合决策机制;建立生态约束机制;建立和完善鼓励机制;建立区域合作共生机制;建立社会参与机制;建立生态安全监测预警机制;建立生态补偿和投入机制。       

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立可以同时检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速而可靠的PCR检测方法。方法和结果根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的Apx-VIA基因序列、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的16SrRNA基因序列设计5条引物。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌模板的PCR扩增产物大小分别为342bp,485bp和1258bp。复合PCR对1～12型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌标准株,6株多杀性巴氏杆菌标准株,1～15型副猪嗜血杆菌以及25株经生化鉴定确认为上述三种细菌的分离株的基因组DNA作为模板进行检测,均获得预期大小的扩增产物。以猪放线杆菌、吲哚放线杆菌等14种常见细菌作为阴性对照进行PCR检测,结果仅有支气管败血波氏杆菌产生了可以和上述三个特异性条带明显区分的PCR产物。复合PCR针对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的敏感性分别为14pg、34pg和37pg。结论本研究建立的复合PCR特异性好,敏感性高,可以用于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速检测。     

IPTG诱导浓度、时间对AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白表达的影响

将口蹄疫病毒VP1基因插入原核表达载体pET-28a中,转化至大肠杆菌BL21.用不同的IPTG浓度与不同诱导时间诱导菌株表达VP1蛋向,分析不同IPTG浓度及不同诱导时间对蛋白表达量的影响,以确定最佳表达条件.结果表明,在一定范围内,随IPTG浓度的增高,表达量并不会随之增大;而在菌体对数生长期内,随诱导时间的延长,表达量会随之增大.最后确定当IPTG浓度为3 mmol/L,诱导表达到最长时间9 h时,VP1蛋白表达量最大.     

大豆磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸磷酸酯酶(PEPP)研究: Ⅱ.纯化与特性

从大豆叶片中分离磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸磷酸酯酶（phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase，PEPP），通过硫酸胺分部（20％～50％饱和度）沉淀、DEAE-纤维素层析、羟基磷灰石层析将酶纯化了96．81倍，酶活性达17．91U／mg蛋白。该酶专一性较强，米氏常数（Km）为0．39mmol／L（PEP），最适pH6．8，在PH6．O～7．4范围内及50。C以下较稳定，被Mg^2＋、Mn^2＋激活，F^-、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、PO^3-、MoO4^2-抑制。     

Computation Method and for Thermal Transmittance of Glass Curtain walls Appllcation

The heat conduction characteristic of glass curtain wall was investigated. Based on one dimensional steady heat conduction theory, the numerical calculation model of glass system thermal transmittance was set up by using insulating glass as an example. Based on two dimensional steady heat conduction theory and finite element method, both the thermal transfer matrix and temperature load array of 3 DOFs triangular element were derived. Then the revised formulas about the heat transfer matrix and temperature load array under the boundary conditions of constant heat flux, heat convective, radiation and coupled of them were also derived. Then the numerical calculation models of glass curtain wall frame and linear thermal transmittance were set up. The program TJCW based on the Visual C++ and ObjectARX was developed for calculating the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall and was validated by contrast with the results calculated by thermal software LBNL. Finally, TJCW program was used to calculate and check the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall in a practical project. The results indicate that the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall can be calculated correctly by adopting the presented model, and the program based on this model can be used in energy conservation calculation and analysis in the actual projects.     

Determinants of the biodiversity patterns of ammonia-oxidizing archaea community in two contrasting forest stands

Purpose

The variation in soil microbial community patterns is primarily influenced by ecological processes associated with spatial distance and environmental heterogeneities. However, the relative importance of these processes in determining the patterns of soil microbial biodiversity in different successional forests remains unclear.

Materials and methods

Based on the species data from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, we described the composition and beta diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) community, an important functional microbial group in regulating nitrogen cycle, in a middle-succeed stand (60 years of secondary succession) and an undisturbed native stand in a subtropical forest in southern China. The composition pattern was examined using a multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP), and the beta diversity was described using the Sørensen index. The relative influence of edaphic, vegetational, spatial, and topographical factors on AOA composition and beta diversity was assessed by variation partitioning and multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM), respectively.

Results and discussion

We did not find any stand-specific patterns in AOA community composition in the two stands; however, the influential variables were different between the two stands; 7.3 and 4.5 % of the total variation in AOA community composition could be explained by edaphic (i.e., available potassium and total phosphorus) and spatial variables, respectively, in the middle-succeed stand, while 3.7 and 2.8 % of the variation were explained by spatial variable and available phosphorus, respectively, in the native stand. Soil total phosphorus influenced the beta diversity of AOA community most in the middle-succeed stand, while genetic distance of tree species was found to be the most important factor in driving the beta diversity pattern in the native stand.

Conclusions

Soil nutrients influenced the beta diversity of AOA community in the middle-succeed stand more than that in the native stand, while vegetation is more important in the native stand. The substantial unexplained variations were possibly due to the effects of other unmeasured variables. Nevertheless, dispersal process is more important in controlling AOA community composition in the native stand, while processes associated with environmental heterogeneities are more important in the middle-succeed stand in this subtropical forest.

     

豫西山区森林群落结构与物种多样性研究

对栾川、卢氏两地不同森林群落的类型、种类组成与结构,以及物种多样性等进行了分析,结果表明:群落的物种组成比较丰富,在生活型组成上以地上芽植物所占比例较大,物种多样性指数的顺序是阔叶林>混交林>针叶林,通过多样性指数和均匀度指数的分析可以较为客观的评价群落的稳定性。