谷氨酰胺二肽在断奶仔猪饲料中应用的可行性

<正>谷氨酰胺(Gln)是唯一具有抗氧化和渗透特性的氨基酸,是动物肠、肝和免疫细胞优先利用的燃料,是抗氧化物的前体,并被认为是在炎症情况下的一个条件性必需氨基酸。在应激状态下,Gln通过动物肠道或非肠道减少细菌在细胞内的粘附来减少细菌移位的发生。Gln为蛋白合成提供氮的先体,是快速分裂细胞优先利用的呼吸燃料。已有大量研究证实,Gln能减轻断奶仔猪的腹泻,提高其生产性能。     

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

一起牛结节性皮肤病案例的处置评析

动物疫病应急处置是有效防控重大动物疫病,保障动物及动物产品安全,保护养殖业安全和公共卫生安全的重要手段。本文梳理了农业农村部通报的福建长汀县一起牛结节性皮肤病案例的案情概况与处置要点,通过分析案例,提示应及时确诊病例,规范处置传染病,做好紧急免疫,加强监管和联防联控,正面引导舆情,积极开展科普宣传。本案例处置为加强牛结节性皮肤病防控,保障养牛业持续健康发展和官方兽医依法行政提供了参考。     

中国苜蓿属植物与新疆苜蓿种质资源的优势

作者调查了中国苜蓿属植物的种类与地理分布情况，查阅和收集大量的植物标本，并进行野外实地考察，对每个种的地理分布进行描述，并着重探讨新疆苜蓿属植物的资源优势，以期为今后苜蓿新品种培育提供种质资源方面的科学依据。     

恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效研究

就畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药恩诺沙星对鸡人工感染大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效进行了研究。结果表明，恩诺沙星、氯霉素对大肠杆菌Ｏ７８的ＭＩＣ分别为０．０５、１．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ；恩诺沙星、红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０５株的ＭＩＣ分别为０．２、３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。人工发病试验中，恩诺沙星内服以５、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量或肌注以２．５、５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量，每天给药２次，连用３ｄ，对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病均有较好的疗效，其中对大肠杆菌病的疗效明显优于氯霉素     

Airway hypersensitivity induced by Ascaris suum extract in New Zealand Romney sheep

Sheep from local farms with and without previous exposure to pigs were tested for their skin and airway responses to a commercial Ascaris suum antigen. There was an immediate reaction to intradermal injection of the antigen in 90% of 101 sheep. A bronchial provocation test by aerosol of the same antigen was undertaken on 43 of the sheep with a positive skin reaction. About 70% of sheep showed an immediate airway response to the antigen as an aerosol, reflected as a significant increase in airway resistance and/or decrease of dynamic lung compliance. The mean peak airway resistance and mean lowest dynamic lung compliance were 165% above and 61% below their baselines, respectively. No significant changes were recorded when the same animals were given an aerosol of phosphate buffered saline. Similarly, no correlation was found between the degree of skin reaction and the magnitude of bronchoconstriction (p>0.05). The sheep with previous exposure to pigs showed no significant differences in airway responses to antigen challenge, although they showed significantly greater skin reactions than those without exposure to pigs. These results indicate that the majority of Romney sheep in the Manawatu have a natural skin and airway sensitivity to A. suum antigen and may therefore be used as an animal model to study human airway hypersensitivity. The origin of this sensitivity has yet to be determined.     

硒增强雏鸡对IBD抵抗力机制的细胞免疫研究

为了解硒对雏鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）抵抗大的影响及其细胞免疫机制，自１日龄起给雏鸡分别饲喂基础（含硒０．０８６ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、补硒０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的不同日粮，于４９日龄采用微量全血培养￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定其中自然发生ＩＢＤ后第１０天和正常对照雏鸡的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率，并计算ＩＢＤ鸡死亡率。结果，两补硒组ＩＢＤ雏鸡死亡率显著低于基础日粮组ＩＢＤ雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＢＤ明显抑制雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１）；补硒的正常对照雏鸡和ＩＢＤ雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率分别高于各自基础日粮雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果显示补硒可提高雏鸡细胞免疫功能，从而增强雏鸡对ＩＢＤ抵抗力，降低雏鸡死亡率。     

短周期间歇光照对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

在７日龄时,肉服仔鸡由接近全日制光照改变为１ｈ光照,３ｈ黑暗的短周期简歇光照。结果表明,短周期间歇光照的肉仔鸡饲料报酬和饲料利用率提高,氮平衡试验表明,增加肉用仔鸡的光周期,粪氮分泌量减少,饲料氮在鸡体内的沉积增加,而饲料氮的摄入量并未增加,因而使得饲料氮的利用率和到提高。     

家蚕中肠酸性磷酸酶细胞化学的研究

应用超微结构酶细胞化学技术研究了家蚕幼虫中肠ＡＣＰａｓｅ 活性的亚细胞分布,结果表明ＡＣＰａｓｅ 主要分布在圆筒形细胞的细胞核内,核周围的内质网及溶酶体中,杯形细胞的细胞核、细胞底部的内褶膜上也有少量的酶活性存在。不同数量性状的蚕品种间圆筒形细胞细胞核内的ＡＣＰａｓｅ 活性分布有显著差异。     

家鸭流感病毒的流行病学研究 Ⅱ.鸭源A型流感病毒对鹌鹑与鸡的致病性

利用６株鸭源Ａ型流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）的鸡胚传１代、２代或３代尿囊液,采用滴鼻－点眼、腹腔注射、静脉注射或肌注－腹注等途径,分别对鹌鹑、商品来航鸡、ＳＰＦ来航鸡进行人工感染。结果,鹌鹑５０％发病,无死亡;商品鸡１００％发病,死亡６２．５％;ＳＰＦ鸡１００％发病,死亡９２．４％。结果显示,腹腔注射和静脉注射最为有效,滴鼻、点眼的致病效果同样确实。本试验发现雄禽比雌禽易感,发病率高。试验表明,鸭源弱致病性流感病毒对其他禽类存在致病潜力,因而具有一定的流行病学意义及生态学意义。