香蕉MYB转录因子基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

采用电子克隆方法获得香蕉MYB基因.通过生物信息学方法,对此序列编码的蛋白质从氨基酸组成、理化性质、疏水性/亲水性、结构域及其空间结构等方面进行了预测和分析.结果表明:香蕉MYB基因编码序列全长1 266 bp,包含1 266 bp的开放阅读框,编码413个氨基酸,含有1个保守的MYB功能域、1个SANT保守结构域.在序列组成、理化性质、结构域及空间构象等方面,与小麦等其他植物的MYB转录因子具有高度的相似性.     

硼对烤烟硼、钾积累及碳氮代谢的影响

采用砂培法研究不同硼浓度处理对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明，低浓度硼（5μmol／LH3BO3）处理下，烟株各器官中的硼、氮、钾、干物质积累以及NO。的吸收及同化受阻．叶片中的NH4^＋。积累增加．而氨基酸和蛋白质含量降低；缺硼还降低烟株叶片的光合速率，并使叶片中的水溶性葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉大量积累。增加硼的供给（20μmol／L和40μmol／L），使烟株叶片碳氮代谢增强，植株各器官的氮、钾、硼含量增加，干物质积累增强。     

Aaptamine Derivatives with Antifungal and Anti-HIV-1 Activities from the South China Sea Sponge Aaptos aaptos

Five new alkaloids of aaptamine family, compounds (1–5) and three known derivatives (6–8), have been isolated from the South China Sea sponge Aaptos aaptos. The structures of all compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1–2 are characterized with triazapyrene lactam skeleton, whereas compounds 4–5 share an imidazole-fused aaptamine moiety. These compounds were evaluated in antifungal and anti-HIV-1 assays. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed antifungal activity against six fungi, with MIC values in the range of 4 to 64 μg/mL. Compounds 7–8 exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity, with inhibitory rates of 88.0% and 72.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM.     

5种家畜IGFBP3基因遗传变异研究

利用PCR-RFLP技术对山羊(西农萨能奶山羊和关中奶山羊)、绵羊(小尾寒羊)、普通牛(南阳牛)、水牛(湖南彬洲水牛)和牦牛(青海牦牛)等5种家畜213份样品IGFBP3 Hae位点进行了遗传多样性研究,并对山羊、绵羊、普通牛和水牛IGFBP3基因序列进行了同源性分析。结果显示,5种家畜物种IGFBP3基因Hae酶切表现明显物种间多样性,在普通牛上表现多态性,而在山羊、绵羊和牦牛上未表现多态性;山羊IGFBP3基因序列与绵羊、普通牛和水牛的同源性分别为97%,93%,93%,绵羊IGFBP3基因序列与普通牛和水牛的同源性分别为93%和92%,而普通牛和水牛的IGFBP3基因序列同源性为96%;绵羊和山羊的亲缘关系最近,首先聚为一支,然后再与普通牛、水牛相聚。表明Hae酶切位点具有物种多样性,可用于物种间亲缘关系的分析。     

临汾市农业土壤中有效态微量元素含量分析与评价

对临汾市39个农业土壤样品有效态微量元素铜、锌、铁、锰的含量进行了测定,并对其分布特点,测定结果进行了分析与评价,旨在为该地区合理施用微肥,提高农作物产量和质量提供科学依据。结果表明:临汾市农业土壤中除有效铁分布差异较大外,其它微量元素分布较均匀。微量元素中有效铜平均含量为1.775 mg.kg-1,属2级水平;有效锌平均含量为1.992 mg.kg-1,属2级水平;有效铁平均含量为8.613 mg.kg-1,属3级水平;有效锰平均含量为9.110 mg.kg-1,属3级水平。     

日本对虾的酚氧化酶特性研究

本文以日本对虾为材料提取和部分纯化酚氧化酶，并对其特性进行了研究，以邻苯二酚为作用底物，该酶的最适ｐＨ为６．５，在ｐＨ５．０－８范围内较高稳定性，最稳定的ｐＨ为７．０，最适温度为４０℃，在４０℃以下表现出较高的热稳定性，而在５０℃以上迅速失活。该酶对不同的酚类物质表现出不同的底物专一性，由高至低的趋势依次为三元酚、二无酚和单元酚。米氏常数Ｋｍ值测定表明，该酶对邻苯二酚比ＤＬ－多巴有更高的亲和力。浓     

鲁西牛和秦川牛体尺性状与胴体性状间典型相关分析

为揭示肉牛体尺性状与胴体性状两组变量之间相关本质,对鲁西牛和秦川牛的4个体尺性状和7个胴体性状分别进行典型相关分析,结果表明:鲁西牛和秦川牛的体尺性状和胴体性状间都存在较强的相关,其第1典型相关系数均达到极显著相关水平(P0.01),典型相关系数分别是0.886和0.985,占到总相关信息的66.00%和92.92%,第2典型相关系数分别是0.738和0.802,累积占到总相关信息的87.73%和98.16%。鲁西牛体尺性状和胴体性状间第1对典型相关主要由胸围(A4)与胴体重(B1)引起,第2对典型相关主要由体高(A1)与后腿长(B5)引起,而秦川牛体尺性状和胴体性状间第1对典型相关主要由管围(A3)、胸围(A4)与胴体重(B1)、后腿长(B5)、胴体长(B7)引起,对2个品种牛两组性状的选育应侧重于这几个性状的表现,可以达到较理想的效果。     

Nitrogen Fractions and Release in the Sediments from the Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Area, China

Different nitrogen (N) fractions from 14 sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area before and after N release experiments were investigated, and the content of different N fractions, and contribution of different N fractions to the N released from sediments were also studied. Ion-exchangeable form (IEF–N), carbonate form (CF–N), iron-manganese oxide form (IMOF–N) and organic matter-sulfide form (OSF–N) accounted for 2.72～17.67%, 0.47～4.43%, 1.18～3.49% and 31.05 to 71.61% to total N, respectively. The N released was higher than 50% from IEF–N, approximately 35% from OSF–N, 6 and 8% from CF–N and IMOF–N on the average. Approximately 27.32～70.02% of IEF–N, 10.37～32.11% of CF–N, 11.37～33.43% IMOF–N and 2.02～8.19% OSF–N were released. For the sediments that were slightly polluted, IEF–N was the main N fraction that may be released and its contribution to total N released was more than 63.07%, for the sediments that TN was higher than 3,540.27 mg·kg^?1, OSF–N would become the main N fraction that can be released and its contribution to total N released was more than 45%.     

有机肥对蔬菜无机氮利用率及氮去向的影响

为了明确蔬菜农田大量施用有机肥对无机氮肥利用率的影响,本研究采用微区15N示踪法,连续2季研究了增施有机肥对蔬菜无机氮肥利用率及其有机肥后效对土壤残留化学N肥（15N标记尿素）利用的影响。结果表明：单施化学氮肥（CF）和增施有机肥（CF+M）2个处理第1季蔬菜体内分别有25%~26%和14%~18%的N来自化学N肥,化学氮肥利用率（UEN）分别为25.61%和18.16%;有机肥后效也显著影响第2季蔬菜体内来自土壤残留15N标记尿素的百分数（NDF）和第2季蔬菜对第1季残留15N标记尿素的利用率;CF和CF+M 2季累积对第1季所施15N标记尿素的利用率分别为28.76%、19.60%。与CF比较,CF+M对每季收获后0~200 cm土壤剖面15N标记尿素的回收率影响不显著,但增施有机肥促进剖面硝态氮的累积与下移;CF+M也显著提高了每季收获后15N标记尿素的损失率,第2季收获后CF和CF+M的15N标记尿素损失率分别为53.7%、61.2%。     

Characteristics of runoff and sediment generation of forest vegetation on a hill slope by use of artificial rainfall apparatus

We studied the impact of forest vegetation on soil erosion,surface runoff, and sediment generation by using field simulated rainfall apparatus. We measured runoff and sediment generation of five 4.5 × 2.1m runoff plots (a bare soil as a control; two Pinus tabulaeformis forestplots and two Platycladus orientalis forest with row spacing of 1 m × 1m and 1.5 m × 1.5 m, respectively) in Beijing Jiu Feng National ForestPark under three rainfall intensities (0.42, 0.83, 1.26 mm per minute).Forest vegetation significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield.Mean total runoff volume in the four tree stand plots was 93% of that inthe control plot, demonstrating the limited effectiveness of forest vegetation in runoff control. With increasing rainfall intensity, runoff reductionin forest plots declined from 28.32% to 2.1%. Similar trends in runoff coefficient and the relationship between runoff volume and rainfall duration was observed. Mean total sediment yield and mean sediment yield reduction rate under different treatments was 55.05% and 43.17% of those in the bare soil control plot, respectively. Rainfall intensity playedan important role in runoff and sediment generation processes, and had agreater impact on runoff than on soil erosion and sediment generation.When considering several factors in runoff and sediment transport processes, the P. tabulae form plot with row spacing at 1 × 1 m had a greater effect on soil and water conservation than did other forested plots.