元谋抗旱耐热造林树种的定量选择研究

针对元谋干热河谷区特殊的自然条件,为荒山造林所需,开展抗旱耐热造林树种的定量选择研究。以银合欢、念珠相思、黄豆树、加勒比松、山合欢为参试树种,造林５年后,进行高、径及冠幅生长分析。依据测定数据,制定出本区抗旱耐热造林树种的选择标准。其数量选择标准为２７４８０。用此标准对参试树种进行反馈选择,评选出银合欢、黄豆树、加勒比松为元谋干热河谷区的造林树种。文章除论述元谋干热河谷区的自然条件、参试树种的高、径生长状况和分析结果外,还详细介绍了抗旱耐热造林树种的选择方法。     

悬铃木果实生长发育的化学调控

采用化学调控法,研究植物生长调节剂等化学药剂对悬铃木当年果实生长发育的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,在9个药剂组合中,D（40％）处理和D（10％）＋C（10％）处理对果实生长发育的抑制效果最佳。使悬铃木当年果实减少率达75％以上,果实的鲜重和含水率明显降低,细胞质膜透性明显增大,果实生长发育明显受阻,并且对悬铃木叶片的副作用较小。研究结果为悬铃木果毛污染的化学调控提供依据。     

Planting spacing affects canopy structure,biomass production and stem roundness in poplar plantations

To improve the productivity and wood quality of poplar plantations, effects of four planting spacing on canopy characteristics, biomass production and stem roundness in poplar plantations were evaluated over 8 years. Planting spacing influenced canopy characteristics of the plantations, and further affected the understory vegetation and plantation productivity. Understory vegetation biomass and Shannon-Wiener index were negatively correlated with leaf area index, but both diversity indexes and aboveground biomass of understory vegetation were higher in stands with a wider spacing. Tree diameter growth increased with increasing planting spacing, while the increment in plantations of square configurations (5?×?5 m and 6?×?6 m) was higher than those with rectangular configurations (3?×?8 m, 4.5?×?8 m). The highest poplar biomass production was achieved in the plantation with 5?×?5 m spacing at age 8. Moreover, poplar trees showed a tendency with better stem roundness in a square configuration. The results suggest that planting spacing not only affect canopy characteristics, understory vegetation and tree growth but also wood quality, and square configurations (5?×?5 m and 6?×?6 m) could be a better option for poplar plywood timber production at similar sites.     

Variation of soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in poplar plantations of different genotypes and stem spacings

To improve the productivity of poplar plantations, a field experiment of split-plot design with four tree spacings and three poplar clones was established, and four soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were monitored in the trial.Soil enzyme activities, in most cases,were significantly higher in topsoil(0–10 cm) than in lower horizons(10–20 cm).Soil cellulase, catalase and protease activities during the growing season were higher than during the non-growing season, while invertase activity followed the opposite trend.Soil invertase, cellulase and catalase activities varied by poplar clone but soil protease activity did not.Cellulase and protease activities in the plantation at 5×5 m spacing were significantly higher than in the other spacings.The highest catalase activity was recorded at 6×6 m spacing.At the same planting density, invertase activity was greater in square spacings than in rectangular spacings.Soil microbial biomass was also significantly affected by seedling spacing and poplar clone.The mean soil MBC was significantly lower in topsoil than in the lower horizon, while MBN showed the opposite pattern.Significantly positive correlations were observed among soil cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01), whereas soil invertase activity was negatively and significantly correlated with cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01).Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were not correlated except for a significantly negative correlation between soil MBC and catalase activities.Variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in different poplar plantations suggest that genotype and planting spacing should be considered when modeling soil nutrient dynamics and managing for long-term site productivity.     

农林仿形对靶喷雾及其控制技术研究进展

仿形对靶喷雾是实现农林精确施药的一种重要技术方式,近年来在理论发展和技术应用中取得重要进展。文中从仿形喷雾目标探测技术、常用仿形机构、仿形对靶控制及算法、仿形变量喷雾测试技术和典型农林仿形喷雾机方面评述现有仿形对靶喷雾技术,归纳包括红外线、超声波、图像和LIDAR等仿形喷雾目标探测方法与技术;分析常用仿形机构的仿形原理和各自设计的优缺点,强调轻量化是仿形机构设计的趋势;综述仿形对靶喷雾控制系统硬件和软件方面的发展,强调智能算法的应用能有效提高仿形喷雾控制系统的鲁棒性;分析评述仿形变量喷雾测试装置、喷雾系统数学模型和PWM变量喷雾技术的进展;介绍几种典型的农林仿形喷雾机,并提出农林仿形对靶喷雾的研究建议。     

内廊式建筑热压诱导通风模式的研究

指出了基于热压通风原理的被动式诱导通风是一种有效的绿色建筑节能策略,分析了常规热压通风应用模式及存在的问题,在此基础上,针对内廊式建筑的特征及气候适用性,提出了一种具有生态效能的热压诱导自然通风模式,探讨了该通风模式的工作原理、应用特性,并说明了其节能设计上的可行性.此结果为深入研究和应用热压自然通风新技术提供一定的思路.     

文冠果种子浸提液对白菜种子萌发的影响

文冠果种子营养丰富、含油率高。花色品种多样且好看,花期长达20多天。但由于文冠果种子较难萌发,实验主要研究文冠果种子各部位是否含有抑制物,各部位抑制物含量比较,及用赤霉素处理后是否能降低抑制,使其能大面积种植。实验取饱满的文冠果种子的种胚、胚乳、种皮和完整种子各2g,研磨后,分别用蒸馏水和80%甲醇溶液在0℃下静止提取定容,制成浓度为0.5、0.1、0.15g/mL的溶液,倒入培养皿中每皿放100粒白菜种子进行发芽试验,每种处理3次重复。用200g/mL的赤霉素浸泡饱满的文冠果种子2天,再重复上述实验过程。结果表明:文冠果种子的蒸馏水提取液对白菜种子萌发抑制较弱,而甲醇提取液对其抑制较强,被赤霉素处理后抑制作用都有所减弱,但不能完全消除。文冠果种子各部分都含有含有抑制物,其中种皮含量较多。     

云南松天然优良林分疏伐营建母树林的研究

10余年来对滇西和滇中的云南松天然优良林分疏伐营建母树林及遗传增益的研究结果表明疏伐是优良林分营建母树林的重要技术措施。改建16年生左右的云南松天然优良林分为母树林,以选择0．3(郁闭度)疏伐强度为好,母树林经2次疏伐后即可定型,其疏伐间隔期不超过4年。1993～1995年,母树林平均单株结球果达60个,每公顷结10329个,结实株率达95．65％,分别是对照的5．08倍、1．26倍和1．15倍。母树的结实性状较为稳定,单株结实量的频率分布呈对数正态分布,一般以4年为1个结实周期。云南松天然优良林分和母树林子代均具有干型通直、木纹理扭转度小、生长量大的特点。云南松诸性状间较多地受基因连锁或共效基因的作用,而受环境的影响相对较小,大多数性状具有较高的遗传稳定性。在云南松种子的调拨中应注意不同种源的适生区域。云南松优良林分和母树林子代林6～10年生的树高、胸(地)径、材积和木纹理扭转度的遗传增益分别为5．74％～20．14％、8．61％～40．46％、27．88％～107．11％和17．42％～59．79％。     

城市道路改造交通设计导则研究

通过对南京市主干道改造前交通特性分析,研究确定该道路改造应遵循的交通设计原则和合理的交通组织方案。旨在探讨城市道路改造过程中如何运用现代城市交通设计理念,实现支撑土地开发利用、提高道路交通效率的交通设计思想和导则。对于我国其他城市开展此类项目可起到一定的参考价值。     

浅论北方地区园林绿化设计中的节水措施

针对我国北方城市园林绿化设计中存在的用水不合理问题,阐述了发展节水型园林的必要性,提出了北方城市园林绿化设计中的节水措施。