Novel royal jelly proteins identified by gel-based and gel-free proteomics

Royal jelly (RJ) plays an important role in caste determination of the honeybee; the genetically same female egg develops into either a queen or worker bee depending on the time and amount of RJ fed to the larvae. RJ also has numerous health-promoting properties for humans. Gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and high-performance liquid chromatography-chip quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were applied to comprehensively investigate the protein components of RJ. Overall, 37 and 22 nonredundant proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free analysis, respectively, and 19 new proteins were found by these two proteomics approaches. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were identified as the principal protein components of RJ, and proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose oxidase, α-glucosidase precursor, and glucose dehydrogenase were also successfully identified. Importantly, the 19 newly identified proteins were mainly classified into three functional categories: oxidation-reduction (ergic53 CG6822-PA isoform A isoform 1, Sec61 CG9539-PA, and ADP/ATP translocase), protein binding (regucalcin and translationally controlled tumor protein CG4800-PA isoform 1), and lipid transport (apolipophorin-III-like protein). These new findings not only significantly increase the RJ proteome coverage but also help to provide new knowledge of RJ for honeybee biology and potential use for human health promotion.     

不同经营模式下毛竹林土壤水分物理性质比较

通过对建阳市黄坑镇毛竹笋用林、毛竹材用林、毛竹油茶混交林、毛竹杉木混交林、毛竹油桐混交林等5种林分类型的土壤水分物理性质差异的分析,结果表明:毛竹杉木混交林的土壤容重最小,其次是毛竹材用林、毛竹油茶混交林、毛竹油桐混交林.而毛竹笋用林的土壤容重最大.5种经营方式下毛竹林的总孔隙度的范围在50.80V%～69.75V%.表层土壤的最大持水量和毛管持水量的平均值呈现出毛竹杉木混交林>毛竹油茶混交林>毛竹材用林>毛竹笋用林>毛竹油桐混交林的规律.     

强风化砂岩夹板岩重塑土的剪切强度特性

以江苏省无锡市滨湖区雪浪山复绿边坡A段发生的大滑坡为例,研究强风化砂岩夹板岩重塑土在不同含水率和干密度下的三轴UU剪切强度特性,以便更好地服务于边坡的复绿工程.结果表明:含水率从15％增加到25％时,其黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着含水率的增加显著减小;当含水率分别为15％和25％时,随着干密度的增加,其黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着干密度的增加显著增大;但当含水率为20％时,其黏聚力随着干密度的增加而减小,内摩擦角不变.     

瓜类细菌性果斑病菌luxR基因的功能分析

luxR基因作为信号分子受体蛋白的编码基因,在革兰氏阴性菌群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)LuxI/LuxR环路中起重要作用.本研究采用PCR技术从瓜类细菌性果斑病菌(Acidovgorax avenae subsp.citrulli)xjL12中扩增出luxR同源基因,应用同源重组的方法构建了突变株(△luxR),并对其功能进行初步研究.实验结果表明,△luxR与野生型菌株相比产生的群体感应信号分子浓度降低,抗生素耐受水平有所提高,对哈密瓜(Cucuumis melo var.cantalupensis))幼苗的致病能力下降;RT-PCR实验表明,luxR基因的缺失对luxI基因的表达有抑制作用.本研究为今后对以luxR基因为靶标,利用信号干扰技术综合防治瓜类细菌性果斑病提供基础资料.     

不同前处理方法对秸秆金属元素原子吸收光谱分析结果的影响

秸秆中金属元素是关系农作物秸秆科学利用的重要组成部分,目前还没有统一的秸秆中金属元素原子吸收光谱(atomic absorption spectroscopy,AAS)测定方法标准,该研究采用原子吸收光谱测定黄芪(GBW10028)标准物质、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和棉花秸秆中金属元素含量,比较了不同前处理方法对样品中K、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mg分析结果的影响。结果表明:微波消解、干法灰化和湿法消解测定黄芪(GBW10028)标准物质中金属元素含量差异性显著(P<0.05),微波消解比干法灰化、湿法消解准确度高。微波消解对玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和棉花秸秆中各金属元素的影响与黄芪(GBW10028)标准物质趋于一致。微波HNO3与微波HNO3-H2O2测定结果差异性不显著(P>0.05),微波HNO3比微波HNO3-H2O2和微波HNO3-H2SO4测定结果稳定。微波HNO3是进行秸秆样品金属元素含量测定时较准确简便的前处理方法。     

液氮充注气调保鲜运输厢内环境因素间耦合关系

为掌握液氮充注气调运输保鲜环境因素间的耦合关系,搭建了气调运输保鲜环境调控试验平台。通过试验分别研究了制冷、高压雾化加湿、液氮充注气调、换气等调节过程对保鲜环境中温度、相对湿度、氧气体积分数、二氧化碳体积分数等参数的影响。结果表明:液氮充注气调在快速降低氧气体积分数的同时,对温度和相对湿度影响均较大;制冷在降低温度的同时,对相对湿度影响较大;采用高压雾化加湿时,对温度影响较小,空气压缩机吸入外界空气将对氧气体积分数产生较大影响,而吸入厢体内气体对氧气体积分数影响均很小;换气对厢体内氧气体积分数和二氧化碳体积分数影响较大。研究结果可供气调运输保鲜环境综合调控提供参考。     

Determination of multiresidues in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal by acetonitrile extraction, low-temperature cleanup, and detection by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method for determining pesticides in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is developed. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile or acidified acetonitrile and cleaned up by a 12 h freezing step. The recovery data were obtained by spiking blank samples at three concentration levels. The recoveries of 27 selected pesticides in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal were in the range of 70-118%, at the concentration level of 10 μg kg(-1), with intraday and interday precisions of lower than 22 and 27%, respectively. Linearity was studied between 2 and 500 μg L(-1) with determination coefficients (R(2)) of higher than 0.98 for all compounds in the three matrices. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of pesticides in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal ranged from 0.3 to 18 μg kg(-1). The n-octanol-water partition coefficient showed more influence than water solubility in extracting pesticides by acetonitrile from matrices of high fat content. This method was successfully applied for routine analysis in commercial products.     

RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN FINGERED CITRON LEAF USING NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

In order to provide references for leaf nutrition diagnosis of fingered citron, the technique of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was introduced to analyze nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in the dry-leaf samples of fingered citron. The best calibration model for N was developed with high RSQ_CAL (0.90), SD/SECV (2.73) and low SEC (1.06 mg g^?1), good calibration models were obtained for P, K, Fe and Mn, and no significant correlations were found between the spectra and the individual amounts of Zn and Cu. When tested using a validation set (n = 38), N was well predicted with low values of SEP (1.21 mg g^?1) and high RPD (2.5). The values of SEP and RPD were also acceptable for the external validation of P, Fe and Mn. Near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technique shows potential of diagnosing minerals in fingered citron, particularly for N, P, Fe and Mn.     

利用农田表层(0～20cm)有机碳估算1m土体有机碳的可靠性

<正>土壤有机碳(SOC)是近年来全球变化研究的热点之一,表层(0~20cm)和1m土体的SOC是评估农田SOC的两个重要指标[1]。很多研究利用第二次土壤普查资料来估算农田SOC[2-6],一些研究已表明近20年来我国耕作土壤,尤其是表层(一般为0~20cm)的SOC基本呈增加的趋势[5-8],这与秸秆还田、有机肥与化肥合理施用以及少(免)耕技术推广有关[9-10]。但由于农田SOC,至少是表层SOC,是     

基于电阻抗成像的植物单根断层图像重建

为了实现植物根系结构形态的原位检测,植物根系单根的断层图像重建研究非常必要。该文应用动态电阻抗成像技术对土壤-树根模拟系统进行了图像重建,对重建图像进行二值化处理并求出树根在该系统中的位置坐标、面积和形状,并以树根的位置坐标、面积及形状的相对偏差为指标,分析了图像重建算法、土壤含水率2个因素对成像质量的影响。结果表明：电阻抗成像技术能够实现树木单根断层图像重建;将重建图像进行二值化处理,所得图像更加直观,便于定量评价成像质量;基于Newton单步残差正则化的一步牛顿误差重构（Newton's one-step error reconsruction,NOSER）算法,比基于全变差正则化的主双-内点模式（primal dual-interior point method,PD-IPM）算法的成像质量好;土壤含水率越高成像质量越好。该研究为基于电阻抗成像技术的植物根系结构形态的图像重建提供参考。