应用异烟肼复合剂治疗奶牛结核病的试验研究

对一群经两次检疫均为结核菌素阳性并经临床学、病理解剖学和细菌学证实为结核杆菌感染奶牛,随机选择２０头奶,每日按２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重投与异烟肼复合剂,连服６０日,接着再按上述剂量每隔一天给药一次连服６０次。结果感染牛在治疗后的７０天转阴率为５０％;治疗后１６５天转阴率为８０．１％;未经治疗的７头对照牛仍呈阳性。     

微型草坪对室内微环境的生态调节作用

室内微型草坪是一种新型的室内绿化产品,具有关化居住环境、改善室内空气质量的作用。通过对比试验研究了微型草坪对模拟空间的湿度,甲醛和细菌含量等的调节应用,及其在不同室内环境下的固碳释氧能力。结果显示室内微型草坪可以吸收室内空气中的甲醛、杀灭细菌提高空气温度,24h后甲醛浓度由初始0．61mg／m^3下降到0．08mg／m^3;空气中的细菌含量降低90％以上;室内空气湿度提高509,6;室内的光照强度和光照时间与微型草坪的固碳释氧量呈正相关。表明微型草坪可以有效地改善室内环境。     

龙头企业与农户利益联结机制的比较研究——根据对四川省畜禽产业链的调查

根据对四川省畜禽龙头企业、合作社及养殖户的实地调研,发现不同的产品特点和产业发展阶段形成不同利益联结机制,这些机制具有不同的约束和激励效果,企业和农户的风险分担和利益分配关系也不同,并决定企业对原料产品质量安全水平的不同控制力。     

Active Participation Instead of Passive Behaviour Opens Up New Vistas in Education of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology

Teaching morphology, a fundamental part of medicine curricula is traditionally based on lectures and practical trainings. We introduced peer-assisted learning (PAL) and student expert teams to the courses to give the students the possibility to improve their free speech and self-confidence. We involved students in active preparation of online materials such as labelled e-slides and e-pics . We offered online digital microscopy (Zoomify^TM) and dissection (CyberPrep) allowing repeating the learned material and studying veterinary morphology outside the dissection theatre. Over 60% of first and third semester students profited from being a peer or being taught by a peer and 50% said the expert teams were an excellent method to learn the topographic anatomy. Almost all students applied Zoomify^TM and CyberPrep and 75% of them found the digital microscopy and dissection to be a helpful or very helpful learning tool. In face of reduced contact hours, these forms of education compensated in part the lost teaching time. We observed improvement of rhetoric and presentation skills and self-confidence. The approaches should therefore find their constant place in the veterinary medicine curricula.     

Yak interferon-alpha loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for controlled release

To explore the potential of a novel animal interferon formulation for controlled release, the yak interferon-alpha (IFN-α) glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the purified recombinant IFN-α was encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by double emulsion solvent evaporation (w/o/w) method. The particle size and zeta potential of IFN-α-loaded SLN were 124.2 ± 10.2 nm and −11.2 ± 0.6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of IFN-α and loading capacity of the SLN were 83.7 ± 4.5% and 1.73 ± 0.15%, respectively. In vitro release study and antiviral assay demonstrated that the IFN-α released from the SLN in a 16-day period exhibited antiviral activity in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and showed a release pattern of an initial burst release followed by a sustained and slow release. Cytotoxicity assay in cell culture demonstrated that the SLN were not toxic. The results of this exploratory study suggest that the IFN-α-loaded SLN could be a useful formulation for controlled release in veterinary therapeutics.     

A computer program for calculation of doses and prices of injectable medications based on body weight or body surface area

A computer program (CalcAnesth) was developed with Visual Basic for the purpose of calculating the doses and prices of injectable medications on the basis of body weight or body surface area. The drug names, concentrations, and prices are loaded from a drug database. This database is a simple text file, that the user can easily create or modify. The animal names and body weights can be loaded from a similar database. After typing the dose and the units into the user interface, the results will be automatically displayed. The program is able to open and save anesthetic protocols, and export or print the results. This CalcAnesth program can be useful in clinical veterinary anesthesiology and research. The rationale for dosing on the basis of body surface area is also discussed in this article.     

搜爆犬训练应把握好“四个奖励点”

在搜爆犬的初期训练中,为了尽快提高训练犬的兴奋性,培养出犬对训练物品的衔取欲和占有欲,对犬的奖励要做到充分、及时、准确,恰当地把握好强化的量、点和时机,以达到预期的训练效果.具体来讲,要注重做到以下"四个奖励点"的把握.     

白色力克斯兔、哈尔滨白兔及杂交后代血液蛋白多态性研究Ⅱ.用血液蛋白多态性剖析亲本品种与杂种后代的遗传关系

根据所测定的白色力克斯兔(WR)、哈尔滨白兔(HW)及杂种一代(F_1,?WR×?HW)和回交一代[B_1,?WRX×?F_1,包括分离出的力克斯毛型(B_1R)和正常毛型(B_1N)]的5个血液蛋白多态系统——红细胞酯酶(Es—1、Es—2和Es—3)、前转铁蛋白(Prt)和后白蛋白(Po)的基因频率和基因型新率,比较了群体间的基因分布,估算了各群体内的平均杂合度和群体间的遗传距离,并运用类平均聚类法进行了聚类分析.结果表明,白色力克斯兔和哈尔滨白兔基因分布差异最大.亲缘关系最远;杂种一代和回交一代基因分布差异最小,亲缘关系最近;杂交一代和回交一代与白色力克斯兔亲缘关系较近,与哈尔滨白兔较远;回交一代中B_1N和B_1R间基因分布也存在一定差异.各群体平均杂合度大小为0.5223(HW)、0.4182[B_1,0.4846(B_1N)和0.3223(B_R)]、0.1105(F_1)和0.3946(WR).研究结果表明,利用蛋白多态性探讨家兔品种或品系间亲缘关系以及区分家兔品种或品系是可行的.此外,本文还结合各群体的变异性,对白色力克斯免和哈尔滨白兔的选育进行了探讨.     

35种蜂花粉的活性物质分析

活性物质一般是指酶、维生素以及激素等,近年将磷脂也纳入活性物质。本文分析了３５种蜂花粉中的葡萄糖氧化酶、磷脂以及生长激素等,这些物质对人体均有重要的生理作用。研究结果,除证明花粉中含有葡萄糖氧化酶及磷脂外,还发现了花粉含有人体生长激素