试论西部地区生态科技产业的构建

文章根据西部地区的特点和生态建设的性质 ,提出创新产业机制 ,挖掘人才 ,以生物高科技为核心技术 ,充分应用现代农业技术 ,构建生态科技产业的途径。提高西部风蚀沙化地的利用水平 ,促进产业结构调整 ,加快区域特色经济的产业化进程 ,实现本地区可持续发展。     

林区公路线形设计浅谈

本文作者结合自己多年的工程实践,对林区公路线形设计进行了论述,并提出了一些理论与实践相结合的方法。     

山桂花人工林林木材性与生长特性关系研究

对山桂花人工林林木木材基本密度和纤维长度径向变异的研究表明 ,山桂花人工林林木的木材材积加权平均基本密度为 0 4 82 6g/cm3 ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材基本密度 (0 5 30 0g/cm3 ) ;山桂花人工林林木木材纤维长度为 1182 4～ 15 96 4 μm ,材积加权平均值为 1375 4 5 μm ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材纤维长度 (12 0 0～ 2 2 5 0 μm)。通过研究还得出了基本密度 (BD)、纤维长度 (FL)与生长轮 (年龄CA)和生长轮宽度(RW)。数学模型为FL =12 6 9 86 4 1+2 7 0 2 0 7CA - 5 4 4 4 3RW ;BD =0 4 782 - 0 0 0 2 4CA +0 0 0 2 9RW ,以此分析了木材性质与树木生长特性之间的关系 ,为速生用材林的培育提供依据。     

几种天牛纤维素酶的来源

测定３种常见天牛：桑粒肩天牛（ＡｐｒｉｏｎａｇｅｒｍａｒｉＨｏｐｅ）、星天牛（ＡｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＦｏｒｓｔｅｒ）和桔褐天牛（ＮｅｄｅｚｈｄｉｅｌｌａｃａｎｔｏｒｉＨｏｐｅ）消化道纤维素酶活性，发现几种天牛幼虫均有完整的纤维素酶体系，即Ｃ１酶、Ｃｘ酶和β－葡萄糖苷酶，能真正消化利用食物中的纤维素成分；以微晶纤维素（ＭＣ）和羧甲基纤维素钠（ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ）为碳源的选择性培养基培养几种天牛肠液，未发现纤维分解真菌及能分解ＭＣ的细菌；肠道解剖及肠组织切片未发现特殊的共生菌囊及含菌细胞；比较天牛的纤维素酶与常见真菌纤维素酶的性质相差甚远。因而认为所研究的几种天牛其纤维素酶均为其自身分泌的内源性酶而不是来源于其它生物。     

新世纪的城市林业方向——生态风景林兼论其在深圳市的示范意义

作为现代城市的城市林业新方向 ,生态风景林应具有改善城市生态环境和美化城市两种功能以提高城市的环境质量和居民的生活质量 ,本文为深圳市的生态风景林建设 ,提出了可供参考的原则     

中国木材科学发展战略构想

文章介绍了我国木材科学的发展现状、木材科研体系和条件装备，以及国际合作和学术交流情况；讨论了我国木材科研面临的任务和机遇；提出了我国木材科学近期和最终战略目标；以及近期应优先发展的研究领域和重点课题。     

云南CDM林业固C项目的可行性研究

通过对《联合国气候变化的框架公约》和《京都议定书》中一些与林业相关的条款及CDM林业固C项目作了简要介绍，结合云南的具体情况，对CDM林业固C项目在云南开展的可行性作了分析。结果如下：云南有开展林业CDM项目的良好条件，可促进生态效益补偿制度的建立，将有力促进云南省林业发展与生态建设；建议开展云南林业的固C效益与固C潜力，固C造林技术与模式，国际认可的林业CDM项目技术、程序与方法等研究。应积极实施林业CDM项目试点，开展国际合作，培养相关人材，通过国家相关部门积极申报林业CDM固C项目。     

Field test of new poplar clone in Shangdong Province

Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province.     

神农架地区珍衡植物沿河岸带的分布格局

Due to the importance of riparian zone in maintaining and protecting regional biodiversity, increasingly more ecologists paid their attentions to riparian zone and had been aware of the important effects of riparian zone in basic study and practical management. In this study, 42 sampling belts (10 m×100m) parallel to the bank of Xiangxi River at different elevations in Shennongjia Area were selected to investigate the riparian vegetation and rare plants. 14 species of rare plants were found distributing in riparian zone, accounting for 42.4% of the total rare plant species in Shennongjia Area. The main distribution range of the 14 rare plant species was the evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaved forest at elevation of 1200–1800 m, where, species diversity of plant community was the maximum at the moderate elevation. The analysis of TWINSPAN divided the 14 rare species into 3 groups against the elevation, namely low elevation species group, moderate elevation species group, and high elevation species group. The analysis of DCA ordination showed similar results to that of TWINSPAN. In the paper, the authors discussed the reasons forming the distribution pattern of rare plant species, and pointed out that the important function of riparian zone on rare plant species protection. Foundation item: This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC39970123), and Changbai Mountain Open Research Station, Chinese Acadamy of Science. Biography: JIANG Ming-xi (1965-), male, associate professor in Wuhan Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

农田防护林主要间距离的确定——基于林带结构与风速降低的关系

Relative windspeed reduction was measured behind nine relatively narrow, homogenous tree windbreaks with porosities between 0.13–0.33, and behind 28 combinations of model stubble barriers representing 25 different optical porosities (0.00–0.80). The optimum porosities observed were 0.25 and 0.13 for tree windbreaks and stubble barriers respectively. Based on the relationship between windbreak structure (optical porosity) and wind reduction, the chief indices for determining spacing interval, i.e., the windbreak structure index (δ) and the parameter of microclimate, represented by the problem wind (L _rp ), were determined. Additionally, investigations on shelterbelt trees were carried out, and stem-analysis techniques were used, to develop a method for determining the mature height of tree windbreaks (H ₀). Optimal spacing intervals between windbreaks could be predicted from the indices of a given windbreak structure, percentage of reduction of windspeed desired and tree growth model. A hypothetical example for determining the spacing interval of principal poplar windbreaks is given at the end of this paper. The results can be applied not only to tree windbreak design but also to other plant materials and artificial barriers for wind protection. Foundation item: This study was supported by Innovation Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences Biography: ZHU Jiao-jun (1965-), male, Ph. Doctor, PhD advisor. Professor of Institute of Applied Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Scholar researcher of Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Japan. Responsible editor: Song Funan