干旱和遮阴对荩草构件形态及生物量分配的影响

以具边坡草坪开发潜力的野生荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)为材料,设干旱[饱和持水量的81.75%(水分充足,W_0)、65.18%(轻度干旱,W_1)、43.64%(中度干旱,W_2)和27.88%(重度干旱,W_3)]和遮阴(0,10%,30%,50%,70%)及交互组合分析干旱和遮阴对荩草构件形态、生物量积累和分配的影响。结果表明,干旱、遮阴、干旱和遮阴协同处理对荩草构件形态有显著影响(P0.05),干旱对根的影响大于茎叶,遮阴对茎和叶影响大于根,协同处理对叶影响大于根和茎;W_2或W_3处理下单株叶数、叶长、叶宽、节间长和分枝数显著降低(P0.05),根长显著增加而单株气生根数显著减少;≥10%遮阴降低单株叶数、单株总节数、根长和单株气生根数,但株高显著增加,W_1×70%遮阴交互处理时单株叶数下降了66.94%,株高和节间长增加了86.11%和46.17%,W_3×70%遮阴交互处理时单株总节数和一级分枝数下降了62.43%和76.47%,根数下降了54.55%,且无气生根。干旱、遮阴、干旱和遮阴互作对生物量积累和分配有显著影响(P0.05),W_2和W_3干旱胁迫显著降低了单株和茎叶生物量及分配比,增加根生物量及根冠比应对中轻度干旱,W_3下单株及构件生物量下降约50%,而增加茎分配比以逃离重度干旱生境。≥30%遮阴显著增加叶生物量及分配比而降低根生物量及分配比,50%遮阴时根分配比及根冠比降低了81.48%和86.79%。干旱和遮阴协同处理可抵消或延缓干旱或遮阴造成的生长失衡,W_2×50%遮阴下荩草的生物量累积和分配与W_0×0遮阴相近。荩草可通过改变构件数量和质量性状及生物量分配,调整生长策略以应对干旱和遮阴胁迫,干旱和遮阴的协同影响,提高了荩草的抗逆性和生境适应能力。     

黄芪多糖对鸡抗病能力的影响

黄芪多糖是一种从豆科类植物黄芪或膜荚黄芪的根茎中提取而来的水溶性多糖成分,具有祛湿、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗辐射、增强免疫力等多种生物学作用,也可以作为免疫增强剂和免疫佐剂,在增强鸡的免疫力方面发挥了重要作用。本文综述了黄芪多糖对鸡抗病能力的影响及其作用效果的影响因素和今后的发展方向,为黄芪多糖在鸡生产中的应用研究提供参考。     

利用优势资源积极发展我国奶山羊产业

奶山羊产业是我国奶业的重要补充,目前已经成为部分地区的支柱产业。笔者首先介绍了发展奶山羊产业的重要意义,接着在总结我国奶山羊产业发展现状的基础上,分析了奶山羊产业发展在过程中存在的问题,并对我国奶山羊产业的发展提出了建议和对策。     

The Correlation Between Polymorphisms of Exon1 and Exon4 of DRB1 Gene and Brucellosis in Kazakh Sheep

The purpose of this experiment was to study the correlation between exon 1 and 4 polymorphisms of DRB1 gene and brucellosis in Kazakh sheep.Using RBPT serological tests to try sheep serum,reference in GenBank sheep MHC Class Ⅱ area DRB1 gene sequences (Accession No.:NC_040271.1),the exon 1 and 4 pieces designed primers,using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing technology to 230 Kazak sheep DRB1 gene polymorphism detection,analyze its polymorphism loci and the relationship between the Kazak sheep Brucella susceptibility.The results showed that 66 Kazakh sheep were positive for Brucella in RBPT test,and the positive detection rate was 28.7%.There was one SNP locus (F1-G22A) in exon 1 fragment,and sequencing determined two genotypes (GG and GA),the dominant allele and genotype were G and GG respectively,and the susceptibility genotype of the polymorphisms of F1-G22A was GA.Chi-square test showed that there was no significant correlation between the polymorphisms of DRB1 gene F1-G22A and Brucella susceptibility in Kazakh sheep (P>0.05).According to the analysis of bioinformatics online software,the F1-G22A polymorphic sites lead to the change of RNA secondary structure and the decrease of minimum free energy,and lead to the change of protein secondary structure.No SNPs were found in DRB1 exon 4 fragment.Therefore,there might be a certain correlation between the polymorphisms of DRB1 gene F1-G22A and Brucella susceptibility in Kazakh sheep.     

添加酒糟和玉米粉对花生壳微贮效果的影响

通过测定单独的花生壳原样及花生壳中添加10%的酒糟或玉米粉经过微贮后其有机物(粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物)及营养价值的变化情况,研究花生壳的微贮效果。试验结果表明:花生壳经过微贮后营养价值有所提高,原料花生壳中CP含量为9.85%,而微贮后纯花生壳中CP含量为10.99%,添加酒糟和玉米粉微贮后的花生壳中CP含量分别为12.13%、13.25%,微贮后单独的花生壳、添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CP含量和原料花生壳相比分别上升了11.57%、23.15%、34.52%,添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CP与原样CP含量相比差异显著;原料花生壳中CF含量为70.82%,而微贮后纯花生壳中CF含量为69.44%,添加酒糟和玉米粉微贮后的花生壳中CF含量分别为68.56%、67.41%,微贮后纯花生壳、添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CF含量和原料花生壳相比分别下降了1.95%、3.19%、4.82%,添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳CF与原样CF含量相比差异显著;在花生壳中添加玉米粉效果比添加酒糟效果好。     

用忠诚擦亮警徽——记深圳市公安局刑警支队警犬队队长吴世林

他——挚爱警犬事业,挚爱着警犬队说到吴世林,整个刑警支队是无人不知,无人不晓。领导说:“他是个雷厉风行、办事严谨、闲不住的大忙人。”民警说:“他是个没有假日的好民警。”妻子说:“他从当兵到当警察20多年来没有真正与家人逛过街。”的确,吴世林是个出了名的“工作狂”,20多年来,他刻苦钻研警犬业务知识,精益求精。他曾说:“只要一天没见犬心里就痒痒,3天不牵犬则手痒痒了”。似乎只有在训练场上,吴世林才能找到人生最大的乐趣。     

磷镁促释基质养分释放特性及种植效果

选用4种促释材料(W、Y、QW、FS)对磷矿粉、轻烧氧化镁混合物进行活化处理,配制促释材料含量分别为3%、5%的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型促释磷镁草花基质,通过淋溶试验、盆栽试验研究水溶性磷、镁素释放特性以及对夏堇(Torenia fournieri)、本地长春花(Catharanthus roseus)生长及开花的影响。结果显示,促释材料W、Y、QW、FS对磷矿粉均表现出良好的促释效果,磷镁促释基质水溶性磷淋溶总量较不添加促释磷镁显著增加了15.42%~27.10%(P0.05);添加4种促释材料对水溶性镁总量释放效果均不显著(P0.05)。促释磷镁W-Ⅰ不仅增加了夏堇开花数量,同时对本地长春花的冠幅增长、分枝以及地上部生物量积累有促进作用;FS-Ⅱ则有利于夏堇地上部生物量的积累;Y-Ⅰ则对夏堇、本地长春花生长无促进作用。综合考虑,草花基质添加促释磷镁W-Ⅰ、FS-Ⅱ应用效果最好,其最适添加比例分别为3.09、3.16 kg·m-3。     

Effects of in ovo feeding of L‐arginine on the development of digestive organs,intestinal function and post‐hatch performance of broiler embryos and hatchlings

This study was to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) L‐arginine (Arg) solution on the development of digestive organs, the duodenal mucosa of broiler embryos and hatchlings, and the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weight were randomly allocated to three groups, consisting of eight replicates of 30 eggs each. Three treatments were arranged as non‐injected control, diluent‐injected (0.75% NaCl solution) group and Arg solution‐injected group containing 1% Arg, dissolved in diluent. At 17.5 days of incubation, 0.6 ml of IOF solution was injected into amniotic fluid of each egg of injected groups. Results showed IOF of Arg solution increased (p < .05) the chick embryo weight at 19 days of incubation; the body weight gain of post‐hatch broilers during 1–7 days; the weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard; the concentrations of duodenal ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and glucagon‐like peptide 2; and the duodenum mucosal enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, sucrase and inducible nitric oxide synthase of 7‐day‐old post‐hatch broilers compared with other groups. The IOF of Arg solution also increased (p < .05) the villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) and decreased (p < .05) the CD in duodenum of broiler embryos and post‐hatch hatchlings, except for the CD at 19 days of incubation. In conclusion, IOF of 1% Arg solution into the amnion at 17.5 days of incubation could improve the development of digestive organs, the duodenal morphology, the releasing of gastrointestinal hormones and mucosal enzyme activities of broiler embryos and hatchlings and finally the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. Therefore, IOF of appropriate Arg solution could be an effective technology for regulating early nutrition supply and subsequent growth development in poultry industry.     

Effects of five cryoprotectants on proliferation and differentiation‐related gene expression of frozen‐thawed bovine calf testicular tissue

The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a potential method for preserving male fertility. However, the effect of cryopreservation on bovine calf testicular tissue is scarce. This study investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on bovine calf testicular tissue at the molecular level. Testicular tissue from ten immature bovine calves (6 months) was collected after slaughter and cryopreserved in an extender containing different concentrations of the following five cryopreservation solutions (CP): bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose with 5% DMSO, DMSO and glycerol and ethylene glycol (EG). After 7‐day cryopreservation, the expression levels of three spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)‐related genes, octamer‐4 (OCT4), KIT ligand (MGF/SCF) and kit oncogene (C‐KIT), were investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cell viability was highest for the tissues preserved with 30 mg/ml BSA (77.82% ± 1.22) and 40 mg/ml trehalose (74.23% ± 1.16) compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and the level of expression of the three genes was highest with 30 mg/ml BSA (p < 0.05). Compared with other CPs, the 30 mg/ml BSA and 40 mg/ml trehalose have the better cryopreserve protection. The 30 mg/ml BSA is the most viable media for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue from cattle.     

引起犊牛腹泻的病原及其检测方法

犊牛腹泻是牛养殖业中常见的一种世界性疾病,对牛养殖业危害较大。多种因素可导致犊牛腹泻,其中由细菌、病毒、寄生虫导致的腹泻具有较强传染性。犊牛传染性腹泻发病迅速,极易引起死亡,因此快速诊断对于及早确认病因,及时进行针对性治疗,降低死亡率至关重要。为全面了解及准确鉴定引起犊牛腹泻的病原,概述了引发犊牛腹泻的病原种类、病原特征、致病机理、引发症状及其检测方法,以期为临床防治犊牛传染性腹泻提供参考。