PBAT生物降解地膜与加厚型塑料地膜降解性能及对番茄生长的影响

为筛选出易降解或易回收,对环境污染小,适宜在番茄生产中应用的地膜,研究了PBAT生物降解地膜与0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜的差异性,以0.010 mm普通塑料地膜作为对照,对比了各种地膜的降解周期,以及对番茄生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:在影响植株长势方面,3种地膜对番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶片数的影响差异不显著;在影响作物产量方面,覆盖0.012 mm地膜的番茄产量最高,其次是PBAT生物降解地膜,覆盖0.010 mm塑料地膜番茄产量最低;在地膜降解性能方面,PBAT生物降解地膜降解性能较强,0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜韧性强,不易破碎,有利于后期回收利用,0.010 mm塑料地膜韧性差,不利于回收;建议生产中根据实际气候、土壤、作物等条件选择适宜的PBAT生物降解地膜或加厚型塑料地膜。     

蚜虫共生细菌多重PCR检测体系的建立

蚜虫中具有多种共生菌,使用常规PCR对它们进行检测,耗时耗力,而多重PCR可以更加高效地进行多种细菌的检测。沃尔巴克氏菌Wolbachia pipientis、杀雄菌属共生菌Arsenophonus和蚜虫U型共生菌Regiella insecticola是蚜虫中常见的3种共生菌。本研究针对沃尔巴克氏菌、杀雄菌属共生菌和蚜虫U型共生菌,分别选择以wsp基因、yaeT基因和gltA基因作为靶标,进行了多重PCR引物的设计和扩增体系的优化。结果显示,本研究建立的多重PCR体系在检测3种蚜虫常见共生菌时,具有较高的扩增特异性、准确性和直观性及较高的检测灵敏度,共生菌的最低检测浓度为104拷贝/μL,远低于共生菌在蚜虫1龄若虫总DNA中的浓度(108拷贝/μL),可以完全满足蚜虫共生菌检测工作的需要。     

稻稗HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的抗药性水平及抗性机理分析

为明确东北稻区稻稗Echinochloa oryzoides HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性水平及抗性机制,采用整株生物测定法测定稻稗种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性,明确抗性种群的交互抗性和多抗性情况,研究3种细胞色素P450抑制剂对其敏感性的影响;并应用分子生物学方法进行稻稗的乙酰乳酸合酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)离体活性测定、ALS基因序列分析及其表达量测定。结果表明:在东北稻区,五氟磺草胺对稻稗HJHL-715种群鲜重的抑制中剂量GR50为62.53 g/hm^2;稻稗HJHL-715的ALS基因序列中未发现氨基酸突变,其ALS离体活性与敏感种群的ALS离体活性无显著性差异,ALS基因表达量显著低于敏感种群。1-氨基苯并三唑(1-aminobenzotriazole,ABT)、胡椒基丁醚(piperomyl butoxide,PBO)、马拉硫磷3种P450抑制剂显著提高了稻稗HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性,使其对五氟磺草胺的GR50由原来的62.53 g/hm^2分别下降到5.78、5.02、3.53 g/hm^2。表明东北稻区已经出现了对五氟磺草胺具有高水平抗性的稻稗种群,稻稗HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性很可能是由细胞色素P450介导的代谢增强所致。     

新疆棉铃虫种群对三种化学药剂的抗性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是经济作物和粮食作物主要害虫之一。为有效防治棉铃虫,新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)大面积种植Bt棉,同时采用化学药剂进行防治,但是化学药剂的大量长期使用势必使棉铃虫产生抗性。武万峰等(2010)研究结果显示新疆棉铃虫种群已对三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐表现低水平抗性。为全面掌握新疆棉铃虫种群对这2种药剂及对氯虫苯甲酰胺新型化学药剂的抗性水平,本研究于2015-2018年自新疆阿克苏、博乐和哈密市等5个市采集棉铃虫,监测该害虫对这3种化学药剂的抗性,以期为Bt棉有效利用和化学药剂的合理施用提供理论基础。     

杉木木质化过程特异表达基因文库的构建与分析

研究木质部木质化过程及其生物学特性对于了解木本植物水分和矿物质的吸收及运输机制、木材形成的遗传控制、改良材性及提高木材生长量具有十分重要的意义。为了获得杉木木质化过程中特异表达的基因,本研究利用抑制差减杂交技术,以杉木突变体独干杉无性系为测试方(Tester),正常的句容0号无性系为驱动方(Driver),构建了正向和反向两个差减文库,分别获得了618和409个克隆。利用通用引物T7和SP6进行PCR及EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定文库重组子,结果证明所构建的文库符合要求,具有代表性。该文库的成功构建为获得杉木木质化过程中特异表达的基因及深入了解木本植物木质化的机理奠定了基础。     

东方百合鳞茎快速增长的组培体系研究

以东方百合栽培品种‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’的组培苗为试验材料,研究了蔗糖、6-BA、IAA、PP333及活性炭（AC）的添加浓度对组培苗小鳞茎增重和直径生长的影响;结果表明：80g／L蔗糖浓度有利于‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’组培苗小鳞茎增重;6-BA浓度为0．2mg／L、IAA浓度为0．5和1．0mg／L时‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’组培苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,分别为120．7％和138．0％;PP333浓度达3．2mg／L和1．6mg／L时,‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’的组培苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,分别达到505．7％和211．3％;AC浓度达到2．0g／L时‘Sorbonne’试管苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,浓度达到4．0g／L‘Siberia’组培苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,分别为194．7％和220．3％。     

佛山梁园历史文化街区规划设计

突出梁园作为省级文保单位和岭南四大名园之一的著名古典园林地位。依据史料记载,尽可能原地恢复历史景区。对于不属于文物修复范围的其他景区,尽可能适应旅游开放的需要,增加景点容量,以获得良好的社会经济效益。采用传统岭南古典园林设计手法,合理布置水系,园林绿地,园林小品及其他园林建筑。     

Genomic footprints of wheat evolution in China reflected by a Wheat660K SNP array

Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.     

江西武宁茶园主要病虫害种类调查初报

[目的]为探明江西武宁茶园病虫害发生情况,实施茶园病虫害绿色防控技术,保障茶叶品质.[方法]2018—2020年,通过选取3个不同海拔高度的代表性茶园,进行病虫害种类与天敌生物调查,采取田间危害症状、室内显微镜检查、昆虫饲养、病原物分离培养,并对照图谱进行形态学鉴定.[结果]发现武宁茶园常见病虫有44种,其中分布广泛且...