硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗细胞膜伤害及其保护酶活性的影响

以抗盐性不同的两个黄瓜品种为材料,研究硅对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗细胞膜伤害及其保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下细胞的膜质过氧化程度明显加剧,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均有不同程度的下降。外源硅降低了幼苗叶片质膜透性,提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内SOD、POD酶活性,但对CAT活性影响不大。     

医药分子农业的受体系统评述

利用转基因植物以农业规模生产口服疫苗、植物抗体、药用蛋白的途径称为医药分子农业。随着医药分子农业的发展,可作为受体的植物的种类正逐步扩大。但对于一个特定的目标蛋白,选用何种受体植物更有利于外源蛋白的高效稳定表达和经济快捷的提纯,仍是需要首要考虑和解决的问题。本文结合最近的研究进展,阐述各类植物受体的特点及应用情况,以期为科学地确定医药分子农业的适宜植物受体系统提供参考。     

燕麦麸超微细粉体特性研究

对燕麦麸进行细胞级超微细粉碎。对照常规粉碎细粉,用显微观察法对其组织特征以及有效成分溶出特性进行观察。燕麦麸经超微粉碎后,显微镜下观察基本无完整细胞存在;其有效成分溶出特性有明显改变。     

大豆连作土壤肥力变化与有害生物发生的关系

1995—2003年采用定点定期采样系统调查与室内测定相结合的方法,针对连作大豆土壤营养含量、病虫基数与植株体营养,生物学性状、病虫草发生及产量品质的关系进行了研究,并对各相关性状间的关系进行了系统的统计分析,建立了数学模型,对指导大豆的高产优质栽培具有重要的意义。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

SB-900水分仪在棉花上的应用研究初报

2004-2005年,采用SB-900水分仪法和国标法两种方法对63个种子批次的棉花毛子样品的水分含量进行测定,其中SB-900水分仪三个程序中任何一个程序测定毛子样品水分的测定值都高于该样品国标法的测定值。但两种方法的相关性很高,其中以水分仪法的613#程序代码和国标法的相关性最高为0.9559。由此得出回归方程的预测值与国标法水分测定值的吻合率最高达61.9%。     

管花肉苁蓉种子清选机的研制

通过对管花肉苁蓉种子的特性研究,找出适宜的分选原理来满足其清选要求。对几种常规分选(重力选、气筛分选和窝眼盘分选)原理进行分析,发现以上分选原理都不能满足该种子清选的要求,进一步分析试验,研制出适合管花肉苁蓉种子特性的清选机。     

水肥耦合对当归产量和品质的影响效应研究

探索水肥耦合对当归品质和产量的影响效应,为当归GAP规范化种植中的水肥调控提供理论依据。采用水肥双因素试验,通过二元二次多项式拟合灌水量、施肥量与当归产量和主要品质指标（阿魏酸含量）的关系,建立影响效应模型,并对其进行检验分析和相关性分析。结果表明：在灌水一定的情况下,随着施肥量的增加,当归的产量先增加后减少;在施肥一定情况下,随着灌水量的增加,当归的产量也是先增加后减少,当归的最高产量出现在中水中肥区,即灌水量1073.97 m3/hm2,施肥量808.97 kg/hm2,最大产量为15804.36 kg/hm2;在灌水量一定的条件下,随着施肥的增加当归的阿魏酸含量先增加后降低,在施肥量一定的条件下,随着灌水量的增加当归的阿魏酸含量也是先增加后降低,当归的阿魏酸含量最高出现在中高水中高肥区,即灌水量1491.42 m3/hm2,施肥量863.55 kg/hm2,阿魏酸最高含量为2.41 mg/g。合理有效的灌溉施肥使当归达到优质高产。     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

冬小麦种质矮孟牛及其衍生后代1BL/1RS的分子和生化标记鉴定

本研究以小麦骨干亲本矮孟牛及其33个衍生品种(系)为材料,利用低分子量(LMW)麦谷蛋白Glu-B3位点的STS-PCR标记、醇溶蛋白Gli-B1位点的SSR标记和黑麦碱SEC-1b位点的STS-PCR标记进行复合PCR,检测1BL/IRS易位.结果表明,矮孟牛Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ型含有1BL/1RS染色体,矮孟牛Ⅰ和Ⅲ型不含1BL/1RS;在矮孟牛的33个衍生后代中,25个含1BL/1RS,其余8个则不含1BL/1RS.利用A-PAGE技术对上述材料进行了黑麦碱蛋白的检测,结果与复合PCR一致,两种方法相结合能准确的检测1BL/1RS.