基于遥感数据同化的土壤含盐量估算方法

为探究同化遥感数据对监测区域尺度土壤含盐量时空信息的适用性,以河套灌区沙壕渠灌域为研究区,以高分一号卫星影像为数据源,通过灰度关联法筛选光谱指数,采用岭回归法构建不同深度的土壤含盐量反演模型,使用集合卡尔曼滤波同化算法将遥感数据应用于HYDRUS-1D模型中,开展区域尺度不同深度土壤含盐量的同化研究。结果表明,基于不同深度土壤含盐量的岭回归法模型,其R²均在0.64以上,RE为0.14～0.22,反演精度较高,得到的反演值较为准确;在单点尺度上,与模拟值、反演值相比,同化值更接近实测值,其EFF为0.84～0.93,NER为0.61～0.73,均为正数,且RMSE降低到0.006%～0.011%,提高了HYDRUS-1D模型模拟精度;在区域尺度上,不同深度同化值的r均为0.94以上,NER为0.61以上,优于模拟值和反演值,且同化精度随着深度的增加而降低。本文基于遥感数据和HYDRUS-1D模型的集合卡尔曼滤波同化研究,提高了土壤含盐量的模拟精度,对提高监测区域尺度土壤含盐量时空信息的精度具有一定的参考价值。     

基于EDEM的带状深松全层施肥铲作业参数优化与试验

为了实现一次施肥满足作物不同生育期的养分需求并提高肥料利用率,设计了一种适用于带状免耕播种机的深松全层施肥铲,并对深松铲、施肥管和施肥板的夹角进行理论分析与设计,得到关键参数的理论值。采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计试验,以肥量均匀变异系数为响应指标,以工作速度和作业深度为影响因子,利用EDEM建立深松全层施肥铲的离散元仿真模型,模拟深松全层施肥铲的工作过程,通过仿真分析得出试验数据;运用Design Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析和响应面分析,得到最优工作参数组合为：工作速度3.81m/s,作业深度25.22cm。取工作速度4m/s、作业深度25cm进行田间试验,结果表明,本文设计的施肥铲在最优工作参数下,0~5cm、5~10cm、10~15cm、15~20cm土层的肥量均匀性变异系数分别为41.05%、24.11%、20.31%、14.63%,试验值与理论优化值相对误差为10.89%、4.06%、2.37%、3.10%。     

挖拔式木薯收获机挖深液压控制装置的设计与试验

针对挖拔式木薯收获机在收获过程中带有一定倾角的挖掘铲有朝着深度方向行进的趋势,增加了挖土量及挖掘负荷等问题,提出了基于液压控制系统调整挖深的设计思路。为此,研制了一种挖深液压控制装置,主要由地表仿形机构、挖掘铲液压调节机构、液压系统及PLC控制系统4部分组成;同时,对液压系统的负载特性进行系统分析计算,选取了合适的执行元器件,并在此基础上进行土槽实验。结果表明:地表仿形机构,最大误差8.9%,平均误差3.5%;掘铲液压控制系统的响应时间为1.7s,1s内完成对挖出铲的角度与深度自动调节,测试效果能够满足精准挖深控制要求。     

旋耕式大蒜播种机关键部件优化及性能试验

为了提高旋耕式大蒜播种机对新疆大蒜种植模式的适应性,依据新疆蒜种外形尺寸优化蒜种勺参数,提高取种单粒率,降低空穴率及重播率。选择机具性能的主要因素(机具作业速度、大蒜种子外形尺寸、鳞芽长度),采用单因素试验分析进行田间试验,分析不同参数对大蒜播种机正芽率、空穴率、重播率的影响,得出各因素影响程度,为后期机具优化提供理论依据。     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

不同贮前热处理对青种枇杷果实贮藏效应的研究

通过采用不同的贮前热处理温度和时间组合,研究白沙枇杷青种在低温条件下的贮藏的内外品质的变化.结果表明:3种贮前热处理中,B处理(45℃热水处理10 min+低温(6±1℃))的效果最好,不仅青种枇杷果实的失重率和腐烂率低;而且贮藏到30 d时,枇杷果实的固酸比最高,较好保持了果实的风味.     

Bahiagrass crop coefficients from eddy correlation measurements in central Florida

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a warm-season grass used primarily in pastures and along highways and other low maintenance public areas in Florida. It is also used in landscapes to some extent because of its drought tolerance. Bahiagrass can survive under a range of moisture conditions from no irrigation to very wet conditions. Its well-watered consumptive use has not been reported previously. In this study, bahiagrass crop coefficients (K _c) for an irrigated pasture were determined for July 2003 through December 2006 in central Florida. The eddy correlation method was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) rates. The standardized reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) equation (ASCE-EWRI standardization of reference evapotranspiration task committee report, 2005) was applied to calculate ET_o values using on site weather data. Daily K _c values were estimated from the ratio of the measured ET_c and the calculated ET_o. The recommended K _c values for bahiagrass are 0.35 for January–February, 0.55 for March, 0.80 for April, 0.90 for May, 0.75 for June, 0.70 for July–August, 0.75 for September, 0.70 for October, 0.60 for November, and 0.45 for December in central Florida. The highest K _c value of 0.9 in May corresponded with maximum vapor pressure deficit conditions as well as cloud free conditions and the highest incoming solar radiation as compared to the rest of the year. During the summer (June to August), frequent precipitation events increased the cloud cover and reduced grass water use. The K _c annual trend was similar to estimated K _c values from another well-watered warm-season grass study in Florida.     

超声波处理对小麦胚芽球蛋白理化和功能性质的影

采用超声波处理小麦胚芽球蛋白以提高其功能性质.研究了超声波处理对小麦胚芽球蛋白理化和功能性质的影响.结果表明:经超声波处理后,小麦胚芽球蛋白的巯基和二硫键含量、紫外光谱和荧光光谱均发生了显著的变化.随着超声波功率的增加,小麦胚芽球蛋白的疏水性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性都降低;当超声波功率大于900 W时,由于小麦胚芽球蛋白重新伸展,疏水基团暴露增多,引起疏水性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性增加.此外.超声波功率对小麦胚芽球蛋白的溶解度有显著影响,随着超声波功率的增加其溶解度明显增加.因此,通过选择适宜的超声波功率水平能够改善小麦胚芽球蛋白的理化和功能性质.     

车内噪声分析与控制研

利用互易性原理,提出了一种空气声传播路径实验方法.首先测得各声源对于车内噪声的传递函数,进而得到各声源对于车内噪声的贡献度.根据声源识别结果,对汽车车身进行吸声、隔声设计,结果表明,车内地板隔声量从前向后分别提高了1.83～9.74 dB(A),汽车车内噪声下降了4.7 dB(A).     

滚动轴承摩擦力矩的非线性特

以混沌理论为基础,通过试验研究滚动轴承摩擦力矩时间序列的非线性特征评估问题,为精确计算滚动轴承摩擦力矩的动态性能奠定基础.用关联维数标准差刻画摩擦力矩的不确定性,用关联维数均值描述摩擦力矩非线性特征的演变历程.研究表明,滚动轴承属于确定的非线性动力学系统,但其摩擦力矩呈现出明显的不确定性.随着转速的增加,滚动轴承摩擦力矩关联维数标准差与均值都呈现出非线性增大的趋势.