兴安百里香精油对草莓保鲜作用及生理变化研究

常温下以香辛料兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓,从贮存期草莓的失重率、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物、VC含量、可滴定酸、可溶性还原糖、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)比活力指标来研究兴安百里香精油对草莓的保鲜效果。试验结果:品质指标中,精油熏蒸气调可减少失重率、降低腐烂指数、保持较高可溶性固形物含量;生理指标中,精油熏蒸气调可有效减缓VC含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性还原糖的降低;抗氧化酶系指标中,精油熏蒸气调的CAT比活力、PPO比活力均高于对照,但对POD比活力影响不明显。可见,兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓可一定程度延长草莓的贮存期。     

台阶式溢洪道消能规律

为探讨台阶式溢洪道消能特性及水流的紊乱特性规律,将台阶式溢洪道与对应光滑溢洪道对比研究,通过试验数据计算出台阶式溢洪道消能率、阶顶断面弗劳德数,试算求出对应光滑溢洪道水力参数,用台阶式溢洪道消能率减去对应光滑溢洪道消能率得到相对消能率,光滑溢洪道断面弗劳德数减去对应台阶式溢洪道阶顶断面弗劳德数得到相对弗劳德数.两水力参数反映了台阶式溢洪道相对光滑溢洪道对消杀能量大小及水流紊乱剧烈程度.通过对26.57°,32.01°,33.69°,38.66°,51.3°这5组不同坡度,1.43~6.67 cm台阶高度的21组模型试验研究,探讨了相对消能率和相对弗劳德数之间关系,结果表明相对弗劳德数和相对消能率沿程呈线性关系,相关系数为0.993 7~0.999 5.且相同相对弗劳德数,单宽流量大对应相对消能率也大;台阶高度变化对直线关系影响很小;坡度对直线关系影响复杂,较小坡度同一单宽流量,坡度越大相对消能率越小,坡度较大时同一单宽流量,坡度大对应相对消能率大.相对消能率和相对弗劳德数的直线规律体现出台阶式溢洪道独特的水力特性,为探究其消能机理提供了重要依据.     

新疆农业高效节水工程资产运行管理模式比较分析

新疆农业高效节水工程项目资产运行管理模式是在新疆节水灌溉工程大规模建设过程中逐渐形成的,在对新疆农业高效节水工程项目资产管理模式归纳总结的基础上,对各种模式优缺点采用定性分析的方法进行了比较,分析了存在的问题,对进一步提高节水工程项目资产管理水平提出了一些建议。     

高地隙喷雾机驱动轮独立式驱动系统转向控制模型研究

车辆转弯时的内外轮速平衡问题是车辆驱动轮独立式驱动技术研究的关键问题。根据车辆转弯时轮速不等的现象,以阿克曼转向原理为基础,对车辆转向模型进行简化,运用运动学分析原理研究了内外轮速与转弯时车速及转向角之间的关系;结合车辆动力学原理建立车辆转弯临界模型,分析了车辆安全转弯临界状态,最后设计了实际应用方案。选择在工作原理和安全控制方面较普通的电控差速器更为简单易行,提高了车辆转向性能、简化了车辆结构、降低了成本。此技术运用到农田高地隙喷雾机上可简化其结构、减轻质量,且在农田行走更灵活方便。     

整秆式甘蔗收获机内物流排杂高速摄影分析

为了研究整秆式甘蔗收获机内物流排杂运动机理,研制了甘蔗收获机内物流排杂试验台,并利用高速摄像机拍摄了甘蔗与蔗叶在物流通道内的运动全过程,并对图像进行分析。结果表明,甘蔗在物流运动过程中发生弹跳、扭转和弯曲变形,在剥叶运动过程中发生断尾,并且通过排杂装置将蔗叶与甘蔗分离后排出。通过建立甘蔗收获机内各部件元件与甘蔗、蔗叶的简化力学模型,结合甘蔗和蔗叶的力学特性分析了甘蔗和蔗叶在物流通道内的运动机理。甘蔗在物流运动中主要受到的作用力为各部件对甘蔗的轴向力、垂直于甘蔗运动方向的切向力和摩擦力。     

Study on Clinical Efficacy of Oligosaccharide Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate Against Bovine Mastitis

In order to detect the clinical efficacy of oligosaccharide sulfate(DEAE) and dextran sulfate (DS-4000) against bovine mastitis,56 cows with bovine mastitis were divided into 5 groups (DEAE group,DS-4000 group,DEAE＋penicillin group,DS-4000＋penicillin group and penicillin group),and their breasts were perfusion with different drugs twice one day for 3 days.The effective rates of drugs were observed by clinic symptoms.Milk samples were collected before and after treatment of drugs,and the bacterial negative conversion rate of each group were detected by microbial examination.The results showed that total effective rates of 5 groups were 10.00%,20.00%,58.33%,75.00% and 50.00%,respectively,and the bacterial negative conversion rates were 0,12.50%,50.00%,54.55% and 44.44%,respectively.In conclusion,the curative efficiencies of the polysaccharides against bovine mastitis were weak,but it could be improved by combination with penicillin.     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

黄河兰州段湿地典型植物群落物种多样性研究

以黄河兰州段分布最广泛的芦苇-假苇拂子茅群落和酸模叶蓼-灰绿藜群落为研究对象,研究2个群落的植物物种组成和多样性特征。结果表明:芦苇群落有植物22种,隶属于13科20属,酸模叶蓼群落有植物24种,隶属于11科22属,2个群落的共种有10种,相似性系数为43.48%,菊科、禾本科、藜科、蓼科是该植物区系的优势科。物种多样性的分析说明2个群落的Pielou指数(J)波动比较小,Simpson指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H)均波动都比较大,并且H指数与J指数存在明显的正比例关系,而与D指数呈显著的反比例关系。方差分析表现出两群落S,H,D和J指数的差异并不明显,说明组成两群落的物种有一定的相似性和连续性,也存在着差异。     

INVITED REVIEW—IMAGE REGISTRATION IN VETERINARY RADIATION ONCOLOGY: INDICATIONS,IMPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE ADVANCES

The field of veterinary radiation therapy (RT) has gained substantial momentum in recent decades with significant advances in conformal treatment planning, image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and intensity‐modulated (IMRT) techniques. At the root of these advancements lie improvements in tumor imaging, image alignment (registration), target volume delineation, and identification of critical structures. Image registration has been widely used to combine information from multimodality images such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) to improve the accuracy of radiation delivery and reliably identify tumor‐bearing areas. Many different techniques have been applied in image registration. This review provides an overview of medical image registration in RT and its applications in veterinary oncology. A summary of the most commonly used approaches in human and veterinary medicine is presented along with their current use in IGRT and adaptive radiation therapy (ART). It is important to realize that registration does not guarantee that target volumes, such as the gross tumor volume (GTV), are correctly identified on the image being registered, as limitations unique to registration algorithms exist. Research involving novel registration frameworks for automatic segmentation of tumor volumes is ongoing and comparative oncology programs offer a unique opportunity to test the efficacy of proposed algorithms.     

The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.